青烟幂处,碧海飞金镜。永夜闲阶卧桂影。露凉时、零乱多少寒螀,神京远,惟有蓝桥路近。
水晶帘不下,云母屏开,冷浸佳人淡脂粉。待都将许多明,付与金尊,投晓共、流霞倾尽。更携取、胡床上南楼,看玉做人间,素秋千顷。
此词通篇都写HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shangyue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>赏月。上片HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/kaitou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>开头写词人仰望浩月初升情景。首二句化用李白诗中“皎如飞镜临丹阙,绿烟灭尽清辉发”句意,“青烟”指遮蔽HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yueguang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>月光的云影。夜空像茫茫碧海,无边无际;一轮HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/mingyue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>明月穿过云层,像一面金镜飞上碧空,金色的光辉照亮了天上人间。“飞”字写乍见月之突然升起,使人感到似是何处飞来,充满惊异欣喜之情。“永夜”三句,通过永夜、闲阶、凉露、寒蝉等物象,极写HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yueye/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>月夜的静寂清冷,描绘出一幅充满凉意的,悠长HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jimo/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>寂寞的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/zhongqiu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>中秋HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yueye/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>月夜图,烘托出词人的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/guji/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>孤寂心境和万千HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/gankai/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感慨,流露出词人对HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/moihao/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>美好HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yuese/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>月色的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/zhenxi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>珍惜HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/juanlian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>眷恋。
以下两句,写因HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/wangyue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>望月而生的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shenshi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>身世HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/gankai/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感慨。词中引用,以蓝桥HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shenxian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>神仙窟代指蟾宫月窟。这两句意思是说,京城邈远难至,倒是这一轮HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/mingyue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>明月,与人为伴,对人更加亲近。作者为苏门四学士之一,曾三次任京官,后面两次都是因牵连党争而去职,被贬外郡;作此词前不久词人虽得脱出党籍,起任泗州知州,但朝中已无HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/zhiyin/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>知音。“神京远”的“远”,主要是从HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/zhengzhi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>政治的含意说的。
上面这几句HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/zanmoi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>赞美HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/juanlian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>眷恋中透出了几分HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/qiqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>凄清。这时作者已五十八岁,前次去官回家,就已修葺归来园HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yinju/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>隐居,自号“归来子”,忘情仕进,此词对HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shitu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>仕途HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/kanke/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>坎坷,也仅微露怅恨而已,全词的主调,仍然是HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/kuangda/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>旷达HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/haofang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>豪放的。两句明白点出HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/guji/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>孤寂HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xinqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>心情,意脉紧接上文,而扬景则由环境HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jingwu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>景物转到HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/wangyue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>望月HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shuhuai/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>抒怀。
下片转写室内HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yanyin/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>宴饮HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shangyue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>赏月。卷帘、开屏,都是为使HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yueguang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>月光遍满,为下文“付与金尊”预作地步,表现了对HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/mingyue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>明月的极端爱悦。“淡指粉”的“淡”字也与HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yueguang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>月光极协调。水晶做成的帘子高高卷起,云母屏HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风已经打开,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/mingyue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>明月的冷光照入室内,宛如浸润着佳人的淡淡脂粉。筵上的人频频举怀,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yinjiu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>饮酒HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shangyue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>赏月,似乎要把HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/mingyue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>明月的清辉全部纳入金尊之中,待天晓时同着流霞,一道饮尽。
这里把HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yuexia/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>月下筵面的高雅素美,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shangyue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>赏月兴致的无比浓厚,都写到极致。HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yueguang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>月光本来无形。作者却赋予它形体,要把它“付与金尊”,真奇思妙想也。天晓时分,月尚未落,朝霞已生;将二者同时倾尽,意思是说HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shangyue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>赏月HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yinjiu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>饮酒,打算直到月落霞消方罢。
HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jiewei/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>结尾写HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/denglou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>登楼HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shangyue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>赏月,由室内转到室外。夜更深,月更明,虽然夜深露冷,作者HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shangyue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>赏月的兴致不但没有衰减,反而更加HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/haozhuang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>豪壮。这时他想起《世说新语·容止》记载的一个HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/gushi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>故事:晋庾亮武昌,尝HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/qiuye/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>秋夜与诸佐吏殷浩之徒南楼HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shangyue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>赏月,据胡床咏谑。作者觉得庭中HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shangyue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>赏月不能尽兴,所以要象庾亮那样HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/dengshang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>登上南楼,去观赏那HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yueguang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>月光下如白玉做成的人无际素白澄澈的清秋气象。古代五行说以秋配金,其色白,故称HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/qiutian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>秋天为素秋。用“玉HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/zuoren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>做人间”HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/biyu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>比喻HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yueguang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>月光普照大地,可谓奇想自外飞来。它既写HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yuese/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>月色,也暗含HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiwang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>希望人间消除HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/heian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>黑暗和污浊,像如玉的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/mingyue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>明月一般HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/moihao/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>美好之意。“看玉HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/zuoren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>做人间,素HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/qiuqian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>秋千顷”作HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/haofang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>豪放之语,两句包举八荒,丽而且壮,使通篇为之增色。
全词从天上到人间,又从人间到天上,天上人间浑然一体,境界阔大,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiangxiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>想象丰富,词气雄放,与东坡词颇有相似之处。全词以月起,以月结,首尾呼应,浑然天成。篇中明写、暗写相结合,将月之色、光、形、神,人HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/duiyue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>对月之怜爱迷恋,写得极为生动入微。