濯足夜滩急,晞发北风凉。吴山楚泽行遍,只欠到潇湘。买得扁舟归去,此事天公付我,六月下沧浪。蝉蜕尘埃外,蝶梦水云乡。
制荷衣,纫兰佩,把琼芳。湘妃起舞一笑,抚瑟奏清商。唤起九歌忠愤,拂拭三闾文字,还与日争光。莫遣儿辈觉,此乐未渠央。
词的上片写HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xingzhou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>行舟过湘水的情景。HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/kaitou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>开头“濯足”二句即用HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/quyuan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>屈原作品的词语,又非常切合舟行途中情景。首句见《HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chuci/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>楚辞·HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yufu2/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>渔父》:“沧浪之水浊兮,可以濯吾足。”次句见《HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chuci/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>楚辞·九歌·少司命》:“与女沐兮咸池,晞女发兮阳之阿。”但“北HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风凉”出自《HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shijing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>诗经·邶HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风·北HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风》“北HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风其凉”。“濯足夜滩急”二句,既写驾舟远行者的表象动态,又借以抒发自己高洁的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/qinghuai/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>情怀,并且贯穿全篇。从濯足到晞发的意象,显示出词人HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xionghuai/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>胸怀的高洁脱俗。“吴HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山”二句承上则抒发词人HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/kowang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>渴望到潇湘的心愿。“买得扁舟”三句,进一步展示HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiangxiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>想象与HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xianshi2/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>现实相结合的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/moihao/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>美好机遇。“六HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yuexia/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>月下沧浪”,既点明了HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shijian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>时间,又借指湘江并与上文潇湘呼应。”天公付我”,从表象上看,大概是写天公为我作美,其实,词人此刻的心绪是异常复杂的,透过这幽默诙谐的词语,读者可以体察到词人埋藏于内心的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/rensheng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>人生苦涩滋味。“蝉蜕尘埃外,蝶梦水云乡。”词人转换视角,采用两个不同层次HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jingse/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>景色来展现蕴含着的奥秘。前句用《史记·HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/quyuan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>屈原贾生列传》:“蝉蜕于浊秽,以浮游尘埃之外,不获世之滋的,皭然泥而不滓者也。”后者运用《庄子·齐物论》:“昔者庄周梦为胡蝶,栩栩然胡蝶也。”水云乡为HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yinzho/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>隐者所居。这种多视角的审美情趣既是对HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/quyuan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>屈原身处浊世而不同流合污的高贵HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/pinge/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>品格的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/zanmoi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>赞美,又是借以自喻而显露出HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/huoda/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>豁达自适的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xinqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>心情。
下片HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jijing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>即景HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shuqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>抒情。作者荡舟湘江,脑海里浮现出HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/quyuan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>屈原的形象。HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/quyuan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>屈原那种忠愤HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/youguo/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>忧国的情操,精美多姿的诗句,撼动着词人的心扉。于是词HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/renqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>人情不自禁地运用《HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chuci/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>楚辞》中的诗句注入渊篇,而落笔灵活HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ziran/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>自然,别开生面。“制荷衣”三句,承上启下,虽然词人运用《HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chuci/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>楚辞》成语,但思维意识已超越时空而带有飘飘欲仙的幻觉。“湘妃起舞一笑”二句,由撷取成句到HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ganqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感情升华,由丰富的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/lianxiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>联想而产生飞动的意象。这里既写“湘妃起舞”的场面,又有“抚瑟奏清商”的舞曲。“紧接着”唤起“三句以崇敬的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xinqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>心情HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/songyang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>颂扬HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/quyuan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>屈原的伟大HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/pinge/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>品格及其作品不朽的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yishu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>艺术价值。“结末”莫遣“二句用典。这里词人从HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/huanxiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>幻想的画面中返回到HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xianshi2/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>现实的境界,寓HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yuanfen/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>怨愤于欢乐中,余韵不尽。
词中不仅变换奇横,富有HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/langman/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>浪漫色彩,而且表达宛转曲折。全篇运化屈赋诗句和意象,将湘水人文HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/diangu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>典故、HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shenhua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>神话HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chuanshuo/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>传说与HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/quyuan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>屈原文字融为一体,浑化组合,构成虚幻、空灵、高洁、纯美的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yijing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>意境,寄寓词人由忠愤而转换为洒脱超旷的复杂心态。