江神子·癸亥陈和叔会于赏心亭鉴赏

原文

七朝文物旧江山。水如天。莫凭阑。千古斜阳,无处问长安。更隔秦淮闻旧曲,秋已半,夜将阑。

争教潘鬓不生斑?敛芳颜。抹幺弦。须记琵琶,子细说因缘。待得鸾胶肠已断,重别日,是何年?

赏析

  上片写登临HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/huaigu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>怀古,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/youxin/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>忧心HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/guoshi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>国事。“七朝”三句,写作者HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/dengshang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>登上赏心亭,看到江HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山依旧,而文物已非,想起七个朝代都在这里兴国、繁荣和灭亡的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/lishi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>历史事实,又想到宋灭南唐完成统一,而北宋后期却国势渐衰,前车之鉴,意义尤深,故HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/youxin/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>忧心忡忡。尽管江水浩瀚、水天一色,却不忍凭阑远眺了,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/huaigu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>怀古HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shangjin/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>伤今的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ganqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感情都凝聚在一个“莫”字上。“千古”二句,“斜阳”除HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiejing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>写景之外,又有抒写HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xingwang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>兴亡之感的象征意义。加上“千古”二字,自寓沧桑之感。以“HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/changan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>长安”代指“汴京”。“无处问”表示自己身在HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jiangnan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>江南,心恋京阙,坐罪遭贬,欲问HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/guoshi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>国事而不能。“更隔秦淮”化用杜牧《泊秦淮》诗意,“烟笼寒水月笼沙,夜泊秦淮近酒家,商女不知HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/wangguo/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>亡国恨,隔江犹唱后庭HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花。”从写情转向HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiejing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>写景,以景HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yuqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>寓情。与HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/youren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>友人盘桓至深夜,秦淮HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yueliang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>月亮格外明朗,照人无眠,听到水上传来HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yinle/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>音乐声,更是HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/gankai/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感慨万千。HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/kaitou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>开头以“更”字领起,意为前句的斜阳,江HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山已足以使人HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shanghuai/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>伤怀,再加上HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yueye/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>月夜、旧曲,情何以堪。

  下片回思HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/wangshi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>往事,嗟叹来日,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/guoshi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>国事难问,而自己HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/mingyun/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>命运多舛,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shitu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>仕途蹭蹬,双鬓已白,脸上已失去笑容,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/huiyi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>回忆起当年琵琶弹奏着动听的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/lequ/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>乐曲,似乎娓娓地诉说自己HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/zhengzhi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>政治上的顺利,那是何等地HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/moihao/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>美好。而眼下自己处于贬途,又是何等可悲。至此,作者HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shiwang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>失望已极。但HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shiwang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>失望而不绝望,最后三句,表白自己期待有朝一日,朝廷重用再回京师,使自己的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shitu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>仕途如断弦重续。当然这种HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiwang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>希望是渺茫的,他心中明白,所以又复长叹“重别日,是何年?”谓此地与HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/youren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>友人别后,何时又能重别。有重别就得先有HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/zhongfeng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>重逢,不说HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/zhongfeng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>重逢,而直接说重别,意思更为深沉。

  上片以景结句,下片以情结句,饱含HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/huaigu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>怀古HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shangjin/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>伤今之情,深HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yuren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>寓人世沧桑之感。追溯HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/wangshi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>往事,寄慨HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shenshi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>身世,内容丰富,蕴藉深沉。

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