无俗念·灵虚宫梨花词鉴赏

原文

春游浩荡,是年年、寒食梨花时节。白锦无纹香烂漫,玉树琼葩堆雪。静夜沉沉,浮光霭霭,冷浸溶溶月。人间天上,烂银霞照通彻。

浑似姑射真人,天姿灵秀,意气舒高洁。万化参差谁信道,不与群芳同列。浩气清英,仙材卓荦,下土难分别。瑶台归去,洞天方看清绝。

赏析

  上片写梨HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花开放的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shijian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>时间、HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风姿、周围的环境。前两句点出梨HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花开于晚春的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hanshijie/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>寒食节前后,“春游浩荡”表明是芳草萋萋、漫天飞HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/muchun/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>暮春季节。“白锦”二句,以白锦和白HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雪HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/biyu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>比喻梨HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花的洁白无瑕与香HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花烂漫的盛开模样,反用岑参的“忽如一夜春HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风来,千树万树梨HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花开”,形象真实而鲜明。“静夜”至上片末,写梨HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花开放的环境,暮霭沉沉天地阔的静夜里,梨HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花悄悄地绽放在HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yueguang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>月光溶溶的夜色中。“冷”字,生动地烘托出宁静、微寒的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yejing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>夜景,使读者想到曹HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雪芹的“冷月葬HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花魂”。人间与天上都溶浸在皓月与HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花色交织而成的氛围中,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yueguang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>月光皎洁、HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花似HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雪明,给人一种高洁、脱俗的感受。

  下片前三句用典,继续以“天姿灵秀”的姑射真人来HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/biyu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>比喻梨HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花,《庄子·逍遥游》云:“藐姑射之HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山,有神人居焉,肌肤若冰HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雪,绰约若处子。”这三句就是用这HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/diangu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>典故,这位神人,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiuyang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>修养已经达到神化难测的境界,暗写梨HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花的冰清玉洁与静若处子的仙姿。“万化”诸句写作者的体会与想法。由上句的“神人无功”,这位藐姑射HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山神人虽有大功,却无意于求功,这正是作者所HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/zhuiqiu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>追求的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/zhixiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>志向;作者又由梨HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花的清高绝俗、不与群芳同伍,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/gankai/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感慨世俗之人未能欣赏,就好像俗人对作者的清高傲骨未能赏识。毕竟,世人多醉我清醒,这种不食人间烟火、超尘拔世的清凉境界,也只有能进入洞天福地HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiuxing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>修行的有道者,才能心领神会。此词虽是HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yongwu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>咏物,实即咏自己,这正是文人HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yongwu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>咏物词的寄寓手法。此词把梨HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花独特超群的气质,写得生动鲜明,让人有清新脱俗、灵秀异常的感觉,虽HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jiewei/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>结尾不免落入谈道论教的范围,但仍不失为一首佳作。词人所选取的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/geyong/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>歌咏之物,往往是个人内在性情与HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yishu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>艺术HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风格的表征,因此丘处机HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/geyong/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>歌咏浩气清英、仙材卓荦的梨HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花,可以看出其清新脱俗的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风格、灵秀异常的神人气息,而表现于作品中,则呈现了清拔脱俗的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风格特色。

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