醉桃源·芙蓉鉴赏

原文

青春花姊不同时。凄凉生较迟。艳妆临水最相宜。风来吹绣漪。

惊旧事,问长眉。月明仙梦回。凭阑人但觉秋肥。花愁人不知。

赏析

  这是一首咏荷HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花词,先通过将荷HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花与百HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花相比来突出其“HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/qiliang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>凄凉”,再采用临水涟漪衬托其绰约HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风姿,然后又用HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/niren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>拟人手法写其HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/guji/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>孤寂,最后又以月明梦回表其高洁。

  “HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/qingchun/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>青春HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花姊不同时,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/qiliang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>凄凉生较迟。”此词发端二句写荷HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花与百HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花开不同时:百HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花开于明媚的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chuntian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>春天,而荷HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花却开在六、七月中,“占断人间六月凉”(辛弃疾)。其中,“HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花姊”一词有HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/niren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>拟人之意;“HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/qiliang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>凄凉”二字写出荷HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花的无尽HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/aisi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>哀思,也表达了词人对荷HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花开不逢时的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/tongqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>同情。“艳妆临水最相宜,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风来吹绣漪。”接着转笔写荷HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花如艳妆HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/moiren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>美人,临水而舞,柔HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风拂来,涟漪如同纹绣一般细密美丽。荷HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花虽然生不逢时,却天生丽质难自弃,艳妆照水之时,连HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风都来吹动涟漪,形成绮丽的纹绣,以衬托其美。“惊旧事,问长眉,月明仙梦回。”过片之后,又转笔写荷HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/gantan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感叹HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/wangshi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>往事。这里,词人以HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/niren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>拟人手法赋予荷HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花以高洁的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/pinzhi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>品质,同时在这个形象中寄托了自己的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/lixiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>理想及生不逢辰的悲哀,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/wunai/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>无奈的是这种高洁HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/pinge/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>品格无人看重。历来常说HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花不解人愁,如白居易《过元家履信宅》:“落HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花不语空辞树,流水无情白入池。”方岳《春词五首》:“HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花不知愁句又尘,晚寒独自倚栏频。”欧阳修《蝶恋HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花·庭院深深深几许》:“泪眼问HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花不语,乱红飞过HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/qiuqian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>秋千去。”朱淑真《菩萨蛮·HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yongmei/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>咏梅》:“人怜HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花似旧,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花不知人瘦。”晏残道《鹧鸪天·守得莲开结伴游》:“HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花不语,水空流,年年拚得为HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花愁。”此词HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jiewei/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>结尾却说“HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花愁人不知”,做翻案语,颇为新颖,同时因有寄托而颇沉郁。

  全词采用略貌取神法,两句一转,从荷HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花生不逢时的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/qiliang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>凄凉转到艳妆临水的高昂,再转到月明梦回,方知一切都是旧事,最后归结于“HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花愁人不知”,呼应起首“‘HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/qiliang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>凄凉”之意,对荷HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花之形只言“艳妆”二字,一笔带过,着重刻画荷HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花的神。“HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花姊”、“艳妆”、“绣漪”,造语绮丽;“HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/qiliang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>凄凉”、“旧事”、“梦回”,字字HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/aichou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>哀愁,共同构成一幅飘渺朦胧、含蓄深沉的惜HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花图。对比、衬托都是从虚处下笔写荷HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花之神,从而寄托了词人的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/lixiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>理想与怨艾,正是“HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yongwu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>咏物而不滞于物”,暗含的家国之感,蕴藉深永,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/aiyuan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>哀怨动人。

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