酒泉子·长忆西湖鉴赏

原文

长忆西湖。尽日凭阑楼上望:三三两两钓鱼舟,岛屿正清秋。

笛声依约芦花里,白鸟成行忽惊起。别来闲整钓鱼竿,思入水云寒。

赏析

  词上片写到秋高气爽的时节,凭栏远眺,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xihu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>西湖水如明镜,孤HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jingse/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>景色清爽,几只渔船HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/youran/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>悠然自得,寥寥几笔,勾勒了一幅远近相宜、意趣恬淡的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/youmoi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>优美画面,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiejing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>写景静中有动,以动衬静。“三三两两HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/diaoyu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>钓鱼舟,岛屿正清秋。”前句HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiofeng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>写HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风物,后句写背景,相映生辉。“三三两两”句点渔舟位置,有HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/youran/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>悠然自得、不扰不喧的意思。以“三三两两HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/diaoyu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>钓鱼舟”映衬HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hushui/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>湖水的宽阔,以笛声依约、白HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/niao/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>鸟成行烘托景致的幽雅。将依依HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiangsi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>相思之情融入笔端,描写极富诗情画意,经“忆”字提示,下文便从HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xianshi2/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>现实中脱开,转入HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/huiyi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>回忆。接下来由眼前的不懈HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/sinian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>思念,引出当年无尽的栖迟,用HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ganqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感情带动HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiejing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>写景。“凭阑楼上”用到这里,表明作者终日HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/liulian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>留恋的同时,还使以下诸景因之入目无遗。

  词下片芦HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花丛中传来依约的笛声,惊动了白HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/niao/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>鸟从水里飞起,用“忽惊起”状白HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/niao/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>鸟(即白鹭)翩然而逝、倏然而惊的形态,色彩明快,颇具情味,朴实的白描中透出空灵。“别来”二字将思路从HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/huiyi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>回忆拉到HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xianshi2/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>现实。“闲整HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/diaoyu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>钓鱼竿”不仅应上片之“HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/diaoyu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>钓鱼舟”,而且以收拾鱼竿、急欲赴HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xihu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>西湖HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chuidiao/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>垂钓的神情,衬托忆HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xihu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>西湖忆得不能忍耐、亟想HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/guiyin/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>归隐湖上的念头。词之下片,营造出钓翁渔隐出没的寥阔苍茫的背景,以景HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yuqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>寓情,寄托了词人的“出尘”HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/sixiang2/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>思想。

  全词情景交融,先写HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xihu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>西湖光景,后写忆者之情。词中正面描写与侧面描写并用,景中HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jiqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>寄情,情中寄景,选景高洁,情调HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xianya/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>闲雅,用笔淡炼,纯用白描,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yishu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>艺术手法甚为高超。HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jiewei/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>结尾与起首HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ziran/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>自然照应,用笔清闲。全篇HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yijing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>意境悠远,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/qinghuai/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>情怀逍遥,表现了作者吟咏潇洒、舒卷自如的过人才气。

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