蝶恋花·送春鉴赏

原文

楼外垂杨千万缕。欲系青春,少住春还去。犹自风前飘柳絮。随春且看归何处。

绿满山川闻杜宇。便做无情,莫也愁人苦。把酒送春春不语。黄昏却下潇潇雨。

赏析

  HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xichun/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>惜春HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shangchun/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>伤春,留春HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/songchun/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>送春,词中常调。这首“HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/songchun/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>送春”词却别具一份女词人的巧思妙想与慧心深情。

  上片化HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jingwu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>景物为HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/qingsi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>情思,纯从“楼外垂杨”着笔。从HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风飘HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/liuxu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>柳絮的景象看,词中所写,当是HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/muchun/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>暮春烟柳,而非细叶新裁的仲春嫩柳,这样方与HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/songchun/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>送春之旨吻合。HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yangliu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>杨柳依依的形象和HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/zheliu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>折柳HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/songbie/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>送别的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风习使人们从柳条想到HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/songbie/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>送别,原很HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ziran/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>自然;但从“垂杨千万缕”想到它“欲系HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/qingchun/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>青春”,却是女词人的独特感受。从“送”到“系”,虽只在一转换之间,却包含了HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiangxiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>想象的跨越飞跃,进一步写出了柳的缱绻多情。那千万缕随HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风荡漾的柳丝,像是千万缕柔曼的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/qingsi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>情思,力图挽住HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chuntian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>春天。然而“少住春还去”,春毕竟是留不住的。他人至此,不过HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/tanxi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>叹息HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shanggan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>伤感而已,词人却从随HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风飘荡的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/liuxu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>柳絮生出“随春且看归何处”的奇思妙想。HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/liuxu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>柳絮的形象,在诗词中或状撩乱HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chunchou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>春愁,或状漂荡无依,即使HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/lianxiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>联想到“送”,也只有“飞絮HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/songchun/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>送春归”(蔡伸《朝中措》)一类HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiangxiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>想象。朱淑真却以女词人特有的灵心慧性和缠绵执着,将它HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiangxiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>想象成一直深情地追随着HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chuntian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>春天,想看一看春究竟归于何处。由“系”到“随”,进一步写出了柳对HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chuntian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>春天的无限HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yilian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>依恋和无尽追踪。

  下片从“春归”生出,转从HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/songchun/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>送春的词人方面着笔。“绿满HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山川”正是HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/muchun/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>暮春之景。这一望碧绿之中正含有落HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花飞絮狼藉的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shanggan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>伤感记忆,更何况耳畔又时时传来象征着春归的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/dujuan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>杜鹃HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/niao/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>鸟凄伤的呜叫声。目接耳闻,无非芳春消逝的景象即便是无HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/qinHRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/gre/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>情人,恐怕也要为之HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chouku/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>愁苦不已。“便作”句先从反面假设,“莫也”句则故用摇曳不定之语从正面渲染HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chouku/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>愁苦,愈觉HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/qinghuai/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>情怀酸楚。写到这里,方才引出这位满怀愁情的女主人公。“系春”不住,“随春”难往,唯有“HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/songchun/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>送春”:“把酒HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/songchun/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>送春春不语,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/huanghun/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>黄昏却下潇潇HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雨。”这两句似从欧词“泪眼问HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花不语,乱红飞过HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/qiuqian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>秋千去”化出,但独具神韵。在词人感觉中,这即将离去的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chuntian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>春天,像是怀着无限HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/bieli/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>别离的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chouchang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>惆怅与HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ganshang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感伤,悄然无语,与HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shangchun/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>伤春的词人默然相对。时近HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/huanghun/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>黄昏,又下起了潇潇细HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雨。这“潇潇HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雨”,像是HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chuntian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>春天告别的细语,又像是HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chuntian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>春天归去的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/tanxi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>叹息。而女主公HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/qinghuai/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>情怀的黯淡、HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/guji/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>孤寂也从中隐隐传出。妙在“不语”与“潇潇HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雨”之间存在着一种似有若无的对应与联系,使读者感到这悄然飘洒的“HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雨”仿佛是一种不语之“语”。这一境界空晨。极富象外之致的结语使词在巧思妙想之外更多了一份悠远的情致。

  全词通过描写外缕垂杨、飞絮缱绻、HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/dujuan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>杜鹃哀鸣、HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chunyu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>春HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雨潇潇,构成一副HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/qiwan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>凄婉缠绵的画面,一个多愁善感,把酒HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/songchun/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>送春的女主人公的形象活现在这幅画面中,词句清丽,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yijing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>意境深远。

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