莺啼序·春晚感怀鉴赏

原文

  残寒正欺病酒,掩沉香绣户。燕来晚、飞入西城,似说春事迟暮。画船载、清明过却,晴烟冉冉吴宫树。念羁情、游荡随风,化为轻絮。

  十载西湖,傍柳系马,趁娇尘软雾。溯红渐招入仙溪,锦儿偷寄幽素,倚银屏、春宽梦窄,断红湿、歌纨金缕。暝堤空,轻把斜阳,总还鸥鹭。

  幽兰旋老,杜若还生,水乡尚寄旅。别后访、六桥无信,事往花委,瘗玉埋香,几番风雨。长波妒盼,遥山羞黛,渔灯分影春江宿。记当时、短楫桃根渡,青楼仿佛,临分败壁题诗,泪墨惨淡尘土。危亭望极,草色天涯,叹鬓侵半苎。暗点检、离痕欢唾,尚染鲛绡,亸凤迷归,破鸾慵舞。殷勤待写,书中长恨,蓝霞辽海沉过雁。漫相思、弹入哀筝柱。伤心千里江南,怨曲重招,断魂在否?

赏析

  本词是春晚HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ganhuai/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感怀伤离HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/daowang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>悼亡之作。一共四片240字,是最长的词调。本词抒写春晚HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ganhuai/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感怀,融HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shangchun/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>伤春、HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/huaijiu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>怀旧、HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/daowang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>悼亡于一体,情感真挚深切。第一片以HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiejing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>写景起兴,写暮HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chunjing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>春景色,引出HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jilu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>羁旅之感和HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yijiu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>忆旧友之情。第二片HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xushu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>叙述当年和HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/qinHRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/gre/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>情人游HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xihu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>西湖的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yanyu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>艳遇欢情。第三片写重游湖上而物是人非,可惜HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/wangshi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>往事只可成HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/zhuiyi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>追忆。第四片结束全篇,写HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiangsi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>相思之苦,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shangchun/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>伤春叹老,抒发寻死者的无限HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/aidao/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>哀悼。本词描写哀春HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shangbie/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>伤别而饱含HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/daowang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>悼亡之意。所悼者当然是作者杭州之爱妾。第一片以景导入,描绘了如画般的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风景,暗暗HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/biyu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>比喻了HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shangchun/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>伤春HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yuanbie/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>怨别之情。“念羁情”三句是启下,暗转到下片对HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/wangshi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>往事的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/huiyi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>回忆。第二片追溯到以前的情事,描写了HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/qinHRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/gre/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>情人初遇时的情景。极力描绘当年与HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/lianren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>恋人一见钟情,幽会HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yuehui/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>约会爱的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风情。“暝堤空,轻把斜阳,总还鸥鹭”三句极其含蓄温婉,带有很强的暗示性。锦儿传书,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/lianren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>恋人相约留宿在寻香暖玉,当然没以心思去观赏斜阳映照的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/moijing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>美景了。故曰“总还鸥鹭”,情景交融,可谓生HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花妙笔。第三片描述别后种种情事,流光飞逝,物是人非,自身HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jilu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>羁旅,伊人已逝,空见壁间HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/tishi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>题诗,睹物感怆。侧重于HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/daowang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>悼亡。第四片总束全篇,极力描写了HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiangsi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>相思之苦与HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/daowang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>悼亡之情。全篇情深意挚,字凝语练,结构缜密大开大阖。层次分明,是吴文英的代表作之一。陈廷焯赞本词曰:“全章精粹,空绝千古”(《白HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雨斋词话》)。

  这是吴文英为HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/daonian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>悼念亡妾而做的一首词,尽管后世学者对其创作背景及主旨多有争议,但词中所彰显的怀悼之意是显而易见的。这首词在《宋六十名家词》中又题作‘春晚HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ganhuai/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感怀’、‘HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ganhuai/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感怀’,实际就是HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/huaijiu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>怀旧与HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/daowang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>悼亡之意。据夏承焘《吴梦窗系年》:“梦窗在苏州曾纳一妾,后遭遣去。在杭州亦纳一妾,后则亡殁。”“集中HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/huairen/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>怀人诸作,其时夏秋,其地苏州者,殆皆忆苏州遣妾;其时春,其地杭州者,则悼杭州亡妾。”《莺啼序》就是HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/daonian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>悼念亡妾诸作中篇幅最长、最完整、最能反映与亡妾HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/aiqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>爱情关系的一篇力作。它不仅形象地反映出与亡妾邂逅HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiangyu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>相遇及生离死别,而且字里行间还透露出这一HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/aiqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>爱情HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/beiju/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>悲剧是由于某种HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shehui/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>社会原因酿成的。它HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ganqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感情真挚,笔触细腻,寄慨遥深,非寻常HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/daowang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>悼亡诗词之可比。

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