木兰花慢·恨莺花渐老鉴赏

原文

恨莺花渐老,但芳草、绿汀洲。纵岫壁千寻,榆钱万叠,难买春留。梅花向来始别,又匆匆、结子满枝头。门外垂杨岸侧,画桥谁系兰舟。

悠悠。岁月如流。叹水覆、杳难收。凭画阑,往往抬头举眼,都是春愁。东风晚来更恶,怕飞红、怕絮入书楼。双燕归来问我,怎生不上帘钩。

赏析

  此词托为HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xichun/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>惜春,实际上抒写作者与一位HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/lianren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>恋人诀别的情事,其本事已不可考。

  上片从HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xichun/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>惜春写起。HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/kaitou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>开头三句,写春事阑珊。词首句起势不凡,为全篇定下了感恨的基调。以下三句,以夸张的手法,发出了留春无计的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/gantan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感叹:HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山崖再高,也难以阻挡HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chunguang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>春光匆匆离去的脚步;榆钱再多,也无法唤得春神的回眸眷顾。其间借“榆钱”而拈出“难买”,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ziran/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>自然熨贴,堪称妙笔。“梅HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花”二句,以梅HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花寄恨,将HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xichun/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>惜春之情推向纵深。梅HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花本是报春使者,凌寒独放于百HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花之前,春华烂漫时与梅HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花作别,似乎还是左近的事,但曾几何时,它已果实盈枝了。“结子满枝头”暗用了一个HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/gushi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>故事:相传杜牧游湖州时看中一HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shaonu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>少女,与其母约定十年之内来娶。过十四年,杜牧出为湖州刺史,访该女,则已出嫁并生有两子。杜牧HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/changran/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>怅然为诗曰:“自是HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xunchun/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>寻春去校迟,不须HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chouchang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>惆怅怨芳时。狂HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风落尽深红色,绿叶成阴子满枝!”作者化用这个HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/diangu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>典故,借以透出他HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shangchun/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>伤春的个中消息。歇拍二句,便进一步揭出了这层底蕴:那垂杨画桥,柳湾兰舟,曾是他与HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/qinHRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/gre/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>情人幽会之所,此时HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风景依旧,但唯余一泓绿水,柳下无人系舟,当然再也看不到她的倩影芳姿了。以上,词人采用多种HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yishu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>艺术手法,将HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/liqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>离情别绪融化于物象中,颇具深婉曲折之妙。

  过片四句,连用两个HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/biyu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>比喻,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/gantan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感叹明如流水,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/wangshi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>往事绝无重现的可能。“覆水难收”,这句成语出于《后汉书》,原本是就军国大事说的,后来用以HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/biyu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>比喻HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/fuqi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>夫妻关系断绝无法恢复此处借以喻指自己与HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/lianren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>恋人相诀、欢情不再的悲哀,将上片HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/lihen/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>离恨再加强化。下面就进一步展开抒写这种复杂HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/tongku/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>痛苦的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xinqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>心情。“凭画栏”三句,写词人由于心境不佳,想凭栏眺望,以舒愁怀,但触目都是足以惹起HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chunchou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>春愁的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jingwu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>景物,因此他不再凭栏而走入楼内。“东HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风”两句写词人转头不看触目伤心的残HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chunjing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>春景色,但它还是追踪而至。那吹HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花搅絮的东HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风,到HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/bangwan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>傍晚更来得厉害,把落HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/liuxu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>柳絮直卷入书楼,有心再来撩惹了。HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jiewei/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>结尾两句构思奇特,以HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/niren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>拟人和问句的形式,将HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yanzi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>燕子成双的物象与主人公的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/gudan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>孤单HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/beiku/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>悲苦加以对比映衬,淋漓尽致地刻划出主人公愈怕外物引发HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chunchou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>春愁愈无法回避的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/tongku/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>痛苦境地。

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