江南倦客登临,多少豪雄,几许消沉。今日何堪,买田阳羡,挂剑长林。霞缕烂谁家昼锦,月钩横故国丹心。窗影灯深,磷火青青,山鬼喑喑。
此曲前三句写HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xianshi2/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>现实之景、HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/lishi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>历史之思。“HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jiangnan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>江南倦客登临,多少豪雄,几许消沉。”这支曲整体透着一种沉重的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/beiliang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>悲凉之感,起句“HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jiangnan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>江南倦客登临”便初露端倪。“倦客”意味疲倦于游宦之人,加上“HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jiangnan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>江南”二字,明确宦游的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/didian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>地点。乔吉是太原人,后寓居杭州,一生四海HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/piaobo/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>漂泊,故以“HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jiangnan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>江南倦客”自称,而“倦”字正显示了他对于这种HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/piaobo/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>漂泊HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shenghuo/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>生活的倦怠。“多少豪雄,几许消沉”,眺望着毗陵的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yejing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>夜景,作者陷入了深思。HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/guowang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>过往的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/lishi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>历史中有多少HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yingxiong/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>英雄豪杰,如今都已经“消沉”。这两句从HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xianshi2/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>现实之景转人HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/lishi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>历史之思,一下子拓宽了曲子的境界。
中间三句HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yuanyin/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>援引两个HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/diangu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>典故。“今日何堪,买田阳羡,挂剑长林。”曲中HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yuanyin/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>援引了HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/lishi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>历史上两个著名的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/diangu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>典故。“买田阳羡”是用苏轼典,苏轼一生HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shitu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>仕途HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/kanke/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>坎坷,被HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/bianzhe/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>贬谪之后终于悟出世事皆虚幻的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/daoli/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>道理,到HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/wannian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>晚年再不倾心于官场,只求在HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/tianyuan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>田园中度过余生。HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/rensheng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>人生如梦,曾经的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/moihao/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>美好最终也难逃过HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/lishi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>历史尘埃的掩埋,这也是古往今来仁人HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/zhishi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>志士共同的心绪和HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/fenkai/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>愤慨。“挂剑长林”,是用季札典,也有说乔吉此句是化用晋代许逊挂剑长松的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/diangu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>典故。如此饵释似乎与上句更为相符,与整首曲的基调也更为呼应。
末尾几句写他人富贵,自己HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shengming/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>生命如流,倍感HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/qiliang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>凄凉。“霞缕烂谁家昼锦,月钩横HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/guguo/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>故国丹心”,这两句对仗工整。“昼锦”则是用来HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/biyu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>比喻朝霞,作者在“霞缕烂”和“昼锦”之间,插入“谁家”二字,一下子使自己与这种富贵、耀眼的景象隔绝,这富贵不过是别人家的,与自己毫无一丝关系。朝霞已去,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yewan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>夜晚到来,残月如钩,“HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/guguo/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>故国丹心”句是化用周密《一萼红》,谓HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/suiyue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>岁月如梭,人鬼殊途,对HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/guguo/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>故国的一片丹心都是过去式了。窗影深深,夜已经深了,灯火也归于黯淡。遥望窗外,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山野间“磷火青青,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山鬼喑暗”。残灯喻指毕命之灯,一切的一切最终都将化为泡影,都逃不过HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shengsi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>生死天命,让人倍感HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/qiliang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>凄凉和肃然。
乔吉那些表达HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/guiyin/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>归隐之心的作品是他寻找解脱和心灵慰藉的产物,这首曲进一步展现了他内心对于一生HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/piaobo/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>漂泊、无法超脱HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/mingyun/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>命运的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/tongku/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>痛苦。诗歌这种HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yishu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>艺术形式只有HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/heshi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>和诗人内心深处的灵魂结合才具有审美的意义,而乔吉的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/sanqu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>散曲便很好地做到了这一点。通过阅读这支HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiaoling/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>小令,读者可以清楚地感受到作者内心深处的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/tongku/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>痛苦和HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ganshang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感伤,他清楚地看着这个HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xianshi2/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>现实,却一直无法接受,这也是其HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/tongku/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>痛苦和HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/maodun/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>矛盾的根源。