秦峰苍翠,耶溪潇洒,千岩万壑争流。鸳瓦雉城,谯门画戟,蓬莱燕阁三休。天际识归舟,泛五湖烟月,西子同游。茂草台荒,苎萝村冷起闲愁。
何人览古凝眸。怅朱颜易失,翠被难留。梅市旧书,兰亭古墨,依稀风韵生秋。狂客鉴湖头,有百年台沼,终日夷犹。最好金龟换酒,相与醉沧州。
全诗通过排比大量的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jingwu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>景物与HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/diangu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>典故,描绘并HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/zanmoi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>赞美了了越州HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山川人文之美,同时也表达自己对古圣先贤的敬仰之情和对HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ziyou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>自由HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shenghuo/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>生活的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiangwang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>向往。
该词的开篇就从越州的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shanshui/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山水落笔,先选取最典型的”秦峰”“耶溪”两个意象,以”苍翠”写其色泽之浓重,以“潇洒”写其种韵之飞动,两相对比,灵气十足。接下来”千辅万壑争流”'句则把视角推向更高远处,描绘了气魄极大的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shanshui/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山水图景。“鸳瓦”二句依然是写宏大的远景,不过对象从HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ziran/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>自然HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jingse/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>景色转到了人文HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jianzhu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>建筑。这两句选取的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jingwu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>景物很有HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/lishi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>历史的沧桑感,为下文的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/huaigu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>怀古做好准备。“蓬莱燕阁”一句点明了作者所在的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/didian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>地点,也是刚才诸多HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jingwu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>景物的观察点。“三休”用了楚王HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/daike/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>待客章华台的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/diangu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>典故,不仅写出蓬莱阁之高峻,而且衬托出它所具有的深远HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/lishi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>历史积淀。蓬莱阁同时也是越州HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/lishi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>历史的见证。因此“天际”以下虽仍写蓬莱阁上所见HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jingse/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>景色,然重心则转入HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/huaigu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>怀古。”泛五湖烟月”以下四句都是融化西施的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/diangu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>典故,抒发作者对苍茫HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/lishi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>历史的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/gankai/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感慨。西施本为越州浣纱女,被越王发现送入吴宫,成为吴越斗争的棋子,最终导致吴国被越国所灭。西施作为HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/zhengzhi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>政治的牺牲品,只有在HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chuanshuo/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>传说中才与范蠡一起HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/guiyin/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>归隐,得到平静的幸福。当年吴越的龙争虎斗,到秦观之时都已如梦般遥远,只有那长满荒草的姑苏台,幽冷的苎萝HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山,依然让人记起这段HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/lishi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>历史,令人HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ganhuai/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感怀、HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shangqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>伤情。
下片脱离了眼前实景的捕写,进入对与越州有关的众多先贤的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/huiyi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>回忆。其重心则是抒发作者对HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/suiyue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>岁月流逝的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/wanxi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>惋惜和对HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yinju/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>隐居HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shenghuo/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>生活的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiangwang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>向往。首句”何人览古凝眸”凭空发问,是下片全部HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ganqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感情的起点。作者站在蓬莱阁上“览古凝眸”,用一个”怅”字引出下面HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/gankai/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感慨的内容:“朱颜易失,翠被难留”是HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/tanxi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>叹息年华老去、容颜衰败,一切所谓的富贵荣华,都像烟云一样在HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/lishi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>历史的洪流中消散;唯有“梅市旧书,兰亭古墨”这些由品德HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/gaoshang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>高尚之士留下的遗迹,还”依稀HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风韵生秋”,依然被人们所记忆,所HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/huainian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>怀念。这两个对比虽然只是铺排HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/diangu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>典故,但字里行间流露出作者的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/gankai/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感慨与内心取舍。词人站在蓬莱阁上极目远眺,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/huaigu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>怀古思今,明白了一切功名富贵、形体容貌都是外在的虚无,唯有HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/gaoshang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>高尚的品德、杰出的著作,才能被后人HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/huainian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>怀念。“狂客鉴湖头”一句又借用贺知章的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/diangu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>典故表明了作者的心迹,既不羡慕当时的荣华富贵,也不羡慕“梅市”“兰亭”的身后虚名,而是HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiwang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>希望能够像四明狂客贺知章那样,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yinju/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>隐居在“百年台沼”中“终日夷犹”,“金龟换酒”与一HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/zhiji/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>知己“相与醉沧洲”。
这虽是秦观临宴佐欢的作品,但却写得非常深沉。词中描绘了大量的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ziran/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>自然HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jingwu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>景物与人文景观,使用了大量的越州HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/diangu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>典故,初看之下让人眼HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花缭乱,但细细品来却贴切工整,蕴涵幽深。