故园渺何处,归思方悠哉。
淮南秋雨夜,高斋闻雁来。
“故园眇何处,归思方悠哉。”首二句言诗人HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yuye/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雨夜HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/sigui/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>思归。HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/qiutian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>秋天的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yuye/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雨夜漫长而又HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jiliao/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>寂寥,诗人独坐在高斋之中,孤灯长伴,孤影为侣,静静地听着外面渐渐沥沥的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/qiuyu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>秋HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雨。窗外一片漆黑,只有HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雨打梧桐的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shengyin/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>声音。孤清的夜,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shenqiu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>深秋的凄寒,还有空寂的高斋,在这样一种HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiaose/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>萧瑟凄寂的环境气氛之中,诗人不免要触动HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jilu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>羁旅HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/taxiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>他乡、HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yuanyou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>远游为宦的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/sixiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>思乡HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/qingsi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>情思。诗人的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jiaxiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>家乡在HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/changan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>长安,而此时却在远HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/lijia/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>离家乡两千余里的滁州为官,“眇”字反映诗人内心的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/wunai/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>无奈情态,因为云HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山阻隔、归路迢递,即使在白天HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/denglou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>登楼引颈也无法看到故园,更何况是暗夜沉沉。故园的渺远,本来就和归思的悠长构成正比,再加上这漫漫长夜、绵绵HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/qiuyu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>秋HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雨,就更使这“归思”无穷无已、HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/youran/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>悠然不尽了。“方悠”二字表明清寂的氛围,加深了HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/sixiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>思乡之愁。“哉”是诗人久恩难平的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/tanxi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>叹息,这个长长的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/tanxi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>叹息,道尽了无尽HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/sinian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>思念的深渊。
“淮南HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/qiuyu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>秋HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雨夜,高斋闻雁来。”这两句言闻雁而归思愈浓。“淮南”与第一句的“故园”相对,由HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/sinian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>思念中的故园回到今天为宦的淮南,落笔高妙。“HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/qiuyu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>秋HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雨”交待独坐时的清凉环境,“夜”既是表明HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shijian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>时间很晚,是夜深人静的时候,也从侧面显露诗人HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/bianzhe/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>贬谪滁州的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/kutong/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>苦痛如同黑夜一般。正当HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/huaixiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>怀乡之情不能自控的时候,独坐高斋的诗人又听到了自远而近的雁叫声。这HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shengyin/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>声音在HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jiliao/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>寂寥的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/qiuyu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>秋HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雨之夜,显得分外HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/qiqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>凄清,撩动诗人无尽的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiangchou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>乡愁,使因HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/sixiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>思乡而永夜不寐的诗人浮想联翩,触绪万端,更加HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/beichuang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>悲怆万分。诗写到这里,戛然而止,对“闻雁”而引起的感触不着一字,留下的是“此时无声胜有声”的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jiewei/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>结尾。
沈德潜《说诗晬语》云:“五言绝句,右丞之HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ziran/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>自然,太白之高妙,苏州之古澹,并入化机。”“古澹”很好地概括了韦应物五言绝句的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风格特征。在这首诗中,体现了诗人古澹的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yishu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>艺术HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风格。整首诗是一幅清淡的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/sixiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>思乡图,清冷的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yewan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>夜晚,清凄的秋HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风,清寒的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/qiuyu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>秋HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雨,清寂的高斋和清孤的人影,构成一种高古澹远的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yijing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>意境。此诗结构巧夺天工,含蓄HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/woiwan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>委婉,先写“故园”,后写“淮南”,先托出“悠”思,后衬以“雁”鸣,就是在这样巧妙的安排中,使诗歌很短,但人的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/qingsi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>情思却句句深入,层层递进。另外,诗歌的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/qingsi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>情思表面触发的是HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiangchou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>乡愁,但结合诗人被贬滁州的事实。还可以从诗歌中体会出诗人对HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xianshi2/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>现实的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/buman/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>不满情绪,这种情绪又完美地融入到HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiaose/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>萧瑟HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/qiqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>凄清的秋声秋意之中。