东风依旧,著意隋堤柳。搓得鹅儿黄欲就,天气清明时候。
去年紫陌青门,今宵雨魄云魂。断送一生憔悴,能消几个黄昏!
这是一首HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/daowang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>悼亡词全词以HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ganqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感情为纽带,把旧时与今时的情景绾合在一起,对爱妾寄予了深挚的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/daonian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>悼念。
词的上片写似曾相识的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jingwu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>景物,为全词蒙上一层HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/huaijiu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>怀旧的色彩。
“东HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风依旧,著意隋堤柳。”起首二句写春HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风轻拂HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chuiliu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>垂柳,语言很通俗,意思也很HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jiandan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>简单,但却层折多变,富于HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/wanyue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>婉约特色。句中的隋堤,指汴河一带的河堤。相传隋炀帝时开运河,自洛阳至扬州,沿堤广植HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yangliu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>杨柳。初春时节,和煦的东HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风轻拂隋堤上的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yangliu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>杨柳,给人以亲切温柔之感。而“著意”二字,更把东HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/niren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>拟人化。言外之意仿佛是说,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ziran/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>自然界的东HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风对HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yangliu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>杨柳尚如此多情,而HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xianshi2/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>现实HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shenghuo/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>生活中的词人却如此HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/gudan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>孤单,再也得不到HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/qinren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>亲人的怜爱。
“搓得鹅儿黄欲就,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/tianqi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>天气清明时候。”这一句承东HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风拂柳而来,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xioliu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>写柳色清新主要体现在一个“搓”字上。此字以俗为雅,说东HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风轻拂HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yangliu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>杨柳,给人以轻轻搓揉、抚摩之感。在东HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风搓揉之下,柳枝上遂呈现出“鹅儿黄”的颜色。鹅儿黄,指柳色的嫩黄。HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yangliu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>杨柳初绽的嫩叶,宛如雏鹅的羽绒,而这惹人HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiai/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>喜爱的颜色,竟是东HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风搓出来的,真是奇绝之笔。“HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/tianqi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>天气清明时候”总括前文,在HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiejing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>写景中蕴含一股淡淡的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/aichou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>哀愁。
词的下篇写往昔HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ganhuai/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感怀,直接HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shuqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>抒情抒沉痛HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shangdao/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>伤悼之情。
“去年紫陌青门,今宵HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雨魄云魂。”“去年紫陌青门”与上片“东HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风依旧”相呼应,是词人HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/huiyi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>回忆从前与爱妾共同度过的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/moihao/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>美好HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shiguang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>时光。“今宵”句,用HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雨、云,写明逝者的身分,关系;用魄、魂。写出死。用今宵,写梦,写只能梦中相逢。用典灵活、宛曲而生动。
“断送一生憔悴,能消几个HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/huanghun/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>黄昏!”最后这两句将词人对于爱妾逝世的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/aitong/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>哀痛抒发至极点,催人泪下,爱妾一死,断送了自己一生,憔悴、瘦损,还能消受几个HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/huanghun/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>黄昏,这“物是人非”的强烈HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/beiliang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>悲凉感,引得他黯然神伤而导致一生憔悴。尤其在HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/huanghun/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>黄昏时刻,烟霭迷茫,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jingse/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>景色惨淡,在失去爱妾的词人看来,仿佛来到一个催人泪下的境界。
这是一首HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/daowang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>悼亡词,用直接HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shuqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>抒情的写法来抒发自己的沉痛HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/aidao/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>哀悼之情,全词HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiejing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>写景融情,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ganqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感情从浅到深。从最初东HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风拂柳的微微HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chouchang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>惆怅,到最后断送一生的极大HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/beiliang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>悲凉,作者在HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xushu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>叙述捕写的过程中,逐步隐晦的交代了HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/gushi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>故事的始末,其HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ganqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感情也便随之越来越深。