诉衷情·小桃灼灼柳鬖鬖鉴赏

原文

小桃灼灼柳鬖鬖,春色满江南。雨晴风暖烟淡,天气正醺酣。

山泼黛,水挼蓝,翠相搀。歌楼酒旆,故故招人,权典青衫。

赏析

  词的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/kaitou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>开头一句就把最足以作为HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chuntian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>春天表征的桃HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花盛开,柳条垂拂这两种典型HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jingwu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>景物描写出来。第二句“HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chunse/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>春色满HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jiangnan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>江南”,用个“满”字似乎表明不必再写其他HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jingwu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>景物了,其实这是承上启下,着意于过渡。一切HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jingwu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>景物都是相互关联着的,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/moijing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>美景还要有良辰衬托。如果碰到HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雨如晦的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/tianqi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>天气,即使是盛开的桃HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花,扶疏的柳条,看起来也会令人黯然魂销。所以接下去转向对HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/tianqi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>天气的描写:“HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雨晴HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风暖烟淡,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/tianqi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>天气正醺酣。”这里边包括四种意思:宿HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雨初晴,惠HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风和畅,烟霭澹淡,着人如酒的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/tianqi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>天气。这样的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/tianqi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>天气,使人心旷神怡,正可以游目骋怀,饱览HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ziran/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>自然HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风光。

  下片前三句“HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山泼黛,水挼蓝,翠相搀”连贯而下,以浓重的色彩,绘出了HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jiangnan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>江南HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shanshui/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山水的春容。“泼”字,“挼”字用得很有魄力,非崇尚纤巧者所能办。

  色彩浓丽的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山和水,正承上阕“HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雨晴HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风暖烟淡”句而来,只有新HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雨之后,和HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风之中,天宇澄澈,万木争荣,才能为HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shanshui/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山水增辉。“泼黛”、“挼蓝”二句不仅画出了HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山色、水色,也反映了万物HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chuntian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>春天里的勃勃生机。写到这里为止,已经构成了一幅完整的色彩明丽的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jiangnan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>江南HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chunjing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>春景画面。“良辰HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/moijing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>美景”都有了,但似乎还缺少点什么,抬头望处,看到了“歌楼酒旆”。楼外的酒旗迎HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风飘动,足以惹人神飞。“故故招人”,生动地写出了词人的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xinli/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>心理状态。“故故”这里是故意、特意之义,酒旗当然谈不上故意招人,只是因为词人想HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hejiu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>喝酒,才产生这种感觉。这一句是移情手法的巧妙运用。酒兴发作了,而阮囊已空,回去吧,却又败兴,所以只好“权典青衫”。这一句是化用杜甫“朝回日日典春衣,每日江头尽醉归”(《曲江》二首之二)诗意,集中体现了词人的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xingge/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>性格、情趣。

  黄庭坚这首HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiaoling/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>小令,短短的四十四个字,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jiangnan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>江南HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chunjing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>春景层层叙写,逐步展现。桃柳、HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/tianqi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>天气、HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shanshui/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山水、“歌楼酒旆”到结语,层层勾勒,上下呼应,脉理分明,语言沉着有力,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yijing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>意境HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风神曳,情景兼备,堪称佳作。

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