帘幕风轻双语燕。午醉醒来,柳絮飞撩乱。心事一春犹未见。余花落尽青苔院。
百尺朱楼闲倚遍。薄雨浓云,抵死遮人面。消息未知归早晚。斜阳只送平波远。
这是一首HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shangchun/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>伤春HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/huaiyuan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>怀远之作。
上片主要是写主人公HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shangchun/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>伤春HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/huairen/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>怀人的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/beichou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>悲愁和由此引发的纷乱心绪。开篇三句写HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/guifu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>闺妇触目所见之景,以景起情:晚春的和HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风轻轻地吹动着帘幕,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yanzi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>燕子双双在檐廊的巢上啾啾话语。如此的良辰HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/moijing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>美景,愈加勾起了对远方HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/lianren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>恋人的深切HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/huainian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>怀念,以至主人公借酒浇愁。然而,愁而饮,饮而醉,碎而睡,一觉醒来,只见庭院的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/liuxu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>柳絮随HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风舞。“双语燕”在手法上用的是反衬,即以乐景写哀情,以成对燕儿的亲切话语,对照HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/guifu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>闺妇块然独处的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/gudu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>孤独和凄冷。一个“醉”字,展示了主人公HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/youchou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>忧愁之深。两句合起来,写出了主人公所处的季节(晚春)、HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shijian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>时间(午后)、HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/didian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>地点(闺房)和眼前的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jingwu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>景物(燕、柳),描绘出一幅HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/muchun/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>暮春时节的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风物HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/tuhua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>图画,明里HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiejing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>写景,暗里HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shuqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>抒情,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiowu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>写物亦人。“心事”一句,明点出HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/guifu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>闺妇的心态。整整一个HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chuntian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>春天,在HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/gudan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>孤单、愁寂中度过,心里想的是什么,自己也说不清。“犹未见”与HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/liuxu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>柳絮的“飞撩乱”相呼应,用的是陪衬,即以哀景写哀情,沸沸扬扬的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/liuxu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>柳絮在HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风中飘飞与HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/guifu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>闺妇HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/sinian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>思念HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/qinHRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/gre/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>情人的纷乱心绪是极相吻合的。“余HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花”句,进一步点染了HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/muchun/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>暮春时节的浓重氛围。长满青苔的庭院,连晚开的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花儿都凋落殆尽了。然而,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花落人不在,燕语人不归,春老红残,香消色减,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/qingchun/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>青春飞逝,衬托出主人公的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/beishang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>悲伤。整个上片,以景语为主,景语与情语互见,物象与心绪交融,反衬与陪衬杂用。特别是最后一句,写得情味隽永,深曲HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/woiwan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>委婉,具有丰富的情感内涵。
下片通过对景的拓展来达到对情的深化,进一步从视野的被阻隔来表现HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiangsi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>相思之无极。“过片”三句,写HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/guifu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>闺妇为HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiangsi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>相思所折磨,禁不住HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/denglou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>登楼HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/wangyuan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>望远,以从“天际识归舟”中求得一丝半缕HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jingshen/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>精神上的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/anwei/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>安慰。可是,展现在她面前的是如烟的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chunyu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>春HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雨和布满浓云的灰黯的天空,眼前的一切都被严严实实地遮盖了,什么也看不见。“百尺”句,勾勒出HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/guifu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>闺妇倚楼怅望的痴情形象,朱楼而“百尺”,状楼之高,望之远。“闲倚遍”,言HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/denglou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>登楼之频繁,盼归之殷切,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/huairen/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>怀人之情深,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chouchang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>惆怅之浓重。“薄HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雨”句,再次点明季节的特征。“抵死”句,说视线被阻,世事多艰,难如人意。主人公不能“望尽天涯路”,而是“抵死遮人面”,望而不能,盼而难求,足见“天地终无情”,其HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chouku/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>愁苦之深可想而知。由于主人公盼归不能,音信又断,所以就只能是“消息未知归早晚”,游人什么时候回来,无处得知。末句“斜阳只送平波远”,写得极为疏淡、含蓄,具有丰富的表现层次:一说HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/guifu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>闺妇HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/denglou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>登楼倚望从薄HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雨之日到斜阳之时,景观的变换暗示盼归持久;二说HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/youzi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>游子取水路而归;三说HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/guifu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>闺妇等待心爱之人而每每落空,终究HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shiwang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>失望;四说HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/guifu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>闺妇盼归的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/liqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>离情HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chouxu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>愁绪如悠悠江水,“无穷无尽”、“欲断更流”。
本词全篇写得语浅情深,词约意浓,反映了封建HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shehui/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>社会痴情男女悲欢聚散的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/rensheng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>人生HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/kunan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>苦难。全词通过暮HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chunjing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>春景象的描写,表现了HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/guifu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>闺妇对HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/youzi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>游子的殷殷HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/sinian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>思念之情和盼归不能的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chouchang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>惆怅、HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/youyuan2/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>幽怨的心绪。通篇写得淡雅、含蓄、和婉,体现了晏词的一贯HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风格。