鹊踏枝·六曲阑干偎碧树鉴赏

原文

六曲阑干偎碧树,杨柳风轻,展尽黄金缕。谁把钿筝移玉柱,穿帘海燕双飞去。

满眼游丝兼落絮,红杏开时,一霎清明雨。浓睡觉来莺乱语,惊残好梦无寻处。

赏析

  这首词是拟写HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/guiqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>闺情之作,全篇以HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiejing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>写景始而以情终,景中含情,情又衬景,因而被评为“金碧HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shanshui/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山水,一片空蒙。”(谭献《谭评词辨》)

  上阕从HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chunguang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>春光写起。“六曲阑干”三句极力描写庭院的春日明媚HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风景。曲曲红阑,被绿茵扶疏的碧树所环绕;院中的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yangliu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>杨柳随HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风摇摆,如丝如缕的柔条在HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiyang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>夕阳的晚照中轻盈飞舞,好一派静谧、HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/youmoi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>优美的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jingse/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>景色。一个“偎”字,写出HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ziran/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>自然HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jingwu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>景物与人工HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jingwu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>景物的和谐、亲昵,一个“展”字,写尽了柳条的媚态,词的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yijing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>意境,就在这柔和、清雅的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jingwu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>景物中被烘托出。而突如其来的琮琮筝声,打破了这安静的氛围,也惊起了双燕,穿帘而去。由HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yanzi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>燕子的安居,可知闺中的冷清;由筝声的惊燕,可知HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shengyin/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>声音之激越,弹筝者HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xinqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>心情之HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yumen/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>郁闷也可见一斑。尽管全部是HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiejing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>写景,但闺中人独处的难堪之情已经隐约可见。上阕中词人HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/fenbie/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>分别从听觉和视觉两个角度进行描写,先写筝鸣声之HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/qiwan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>凄婉,再写成双的海燕穿帘而去,所见所闻,勾起词人隐隐的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/gudu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>孤独与HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chouchang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>惆怅之感,为下文进一步HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shuqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>抒情做铺垫。

  下片抒HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shangchun/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>伤春之情。首三句写词人所见:游丝、落絮、红杏HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花,这些HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jingwu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>景物的描写,暗示春之将逝。依旧由景开始,但是“满眼”一词已经凸现了人的出现,是从闺中人的视线和HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xinqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>心情来看景了。“游丝”和“落絮”都是经典的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chunchou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>春愁缭乱、幽思绵绵的意象,“满”和“兼”字更说明了一种无聊、HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/wunai/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>无奈的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xinqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>心情。这是突然降下的一阵清明HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雨,打得院中杏HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花零落。最后一句由HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chunguang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>春光缭绕归结到HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chungui/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>春闺的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chousi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>愁思,一个“乱”字说明了心绪之乱,“无寻处”则点出了好梦被惊醒后的烦恼与HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/youchou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>忧愁。经过这两句一点化,前面的景语全都变成了情语,令人回味不已。

  整首词诗人由HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiejing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>写景始,由HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xieren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>写人终。HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiejing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>写景抓住HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chuntian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>春天的特指,但有富于HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/bianhua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>变化,在HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/bianhua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>变化中蕴含了作者的情感,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xieren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>写人先HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xieren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>写人物的行动,把细筝移玉柱,但穿帘双燕却勾起了主人公无限的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shanggan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>伤感,成为全词HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ganqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感情转折的基点。再HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xieren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>写人物的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xinli/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>心理,“惊残好梦无寻处”,直接抒发主人公内心的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shanggan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>伤感。整首词HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiejing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>写景与HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xieren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>写人相互交融,通过穿帘的双燕,乱语的“黄莺”、“游丝”、“落絮”“清明HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雨”,使HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/renwu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>人物的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xinli/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>心理活动步步呈现,达到了情与景的高度统一,但又含而不露,堪称“金碧HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shanshui/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山水,一片空蒙。”全词在HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yishu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>艺术HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风格上语言明丽,用意婉曲。

返回