碧艾香蒲处处忙。谁家儿共女,庆端阳。细缠五色臂丝长。空惆怅,谁复吊沅湘。
往事莫论量。千年忠义气,日星光。离骚读罢总堪伤。无人解,树转午阴凉。
“空HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chouchang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>惆怅”慨叹了世人忙于HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jieri/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>节日的喜庆,而不理解或淡忘了HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/duanwujie/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/duanwu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>端午节厚重的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/lishi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>历史内涵:表达对HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/aiguo/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>爱国诗人HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/quyuan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>屈原的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/huainian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>怀念之情。“无人解”抒发了作者不为世俗理解的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/guji/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>孤寂HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/luomo/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>落寞HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/qinghuai/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>情怀,也表达了对HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/quyuan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>屈原HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/zhongyi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>忠义气节的崇敬。
这首词最突出的表现手法是对比。上阕中,众人的繁忙喜庆和作者的独自HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chouchang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>惆怅形成对比;下阕中,世俗对HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/quyuan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>屈原的不理解和作者读《离骚》的深切HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ganshang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感伤形成对比。
这首词蕴含了浓重的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/minzu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>民族HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风味,描写的是荆楚之地的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/duanwu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>端午HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/fengsu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风俗。全词从“碧艾香蒲”入笔,“处处忙”道出了HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/duanwu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>端午时节的忙碌。儿共女,庆端阳,描摹出一幅合家团圆共度佳节的温馨,刻画出了中华HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/minzu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>民族在HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jieri/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>节日之中共享天伦的乐趣。“细缠五色臂丝长”,缠五色臂丝是荆楚之地的一种HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/minzu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>民族HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/fengsu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风俗,是在HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/duanwujie/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/duanwu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>端午节由孩子们将五色丝带缠在臂上,这种五色的臂丝又叫“朱索”或者“长命缕”,据说能够降服鬼怪,企保平安。上阕的最后两句“空HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chouchang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>惆怅,谁复吊沅湘”,将全词开辟了一个新的境界,为下阕的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/daonian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>悼念HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/quyuan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>屈原奠定了基调,为HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shuqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>抒情作了铺垫。“谁复吊沅湘”,交代了“空HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chouchang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>惆怅”的缘由,原来人们忙着过HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/duanwu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>端午,只是一般性地喜庆,而忘却了这个特殊HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jieri/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>节日所蕴含的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/lishi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>历史HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/wenhua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>文化内涵,谁还记得那为HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/aiguo/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>爱国诗人HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/quyuan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>屈原呢?作者有感而发,直指俗弊。在这热闹喜庆的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jieri/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>节日里,诗人却“空HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chouchang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>惆怅”,与“庆端阳”的热闹形成鲜明的对比。下阕直抒自己的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ganqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感情,仍然运用了对比手法。就是写HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/zhuidao/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>追悼屈子之HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/qingsi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>情思了。“HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/wangshi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>往事莫论量”,确实,千年已过,人们记住最多的不是屈子的《离骚》,而是汨罗江投河自尽的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/zhongyi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>忠义气节。“千年HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/zhongyi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>忠义气,日星光”,日星本是天地的精华,终明儿不灭,将HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/quyuan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>屈原的千古大义与日星之光相提并论,并不为过,大忠大义,理当被永世铭记。“离骚读罢宗堪伤”,此一句不单单写出了对屈子大义的崇敬,还道出了文人的惺惺相惜。“无人解”,抒发了作者不为世俗理解的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/guji/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>孤寂HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/luomo/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>落寞HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/qinghuai/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>情怀,也表达了对HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/quyuan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>屈原HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/zhongyi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>忠义气节的崇敬。千年已过,便是何等的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/beige/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>悲歌大义,又能被几人记得呢?便是记得,又有几人能解?树转午阴凉,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/duanwu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>端午之时的燥热HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/tianqi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>天气,能得一份的凉意已是不易,莫非也是屈子的美意吗?HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jiewei/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>结尾由情归景,景中又似有余情,大有余音不绝之意。
本曲以HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/duanwujie/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/duanwu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>端午节为载体,从眼前所见的荆楚HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/duanwu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>端午HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/fengsu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风俗写起,描画出一幅热闹繁忙的景象,与下片的“无人解”形成鲜明对比。但沅湘之水却把作者带入了HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/lishi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>历史,通过纪怀HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/quyuan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>屈原抒发自己对元朝覆灭的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ganshang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感伤和不仕明朝的节烈,“空HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chouchang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>惆怅,谁复吊沅湘”、“《离骚》读罢总堪伤。无人解”等诗句传达就是作者的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shanggan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>伤感失落,而“HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/wangshi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>往事莫论量。千年HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/zhongyi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>忠义气,日星光”则表明了作者对元朝的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/zhongzhen/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>忠贞决心。“树转午阴凉”,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yijingjieqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>以景结情,情在景中,是古诗词的常用收尾法。可以收到“曲终人不见,江上数峰青”的余韵缭绕的效果。作者的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/beiguan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>悲观绝望之情溢于言表。
历来写HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/duanwu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>端午的诗词都很多,多半会提到HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/quyuan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>屈原的旧事,借HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/quyuan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>屈原之酒杯浇自己之块垒,或者抒发自己郁郁不得志的失落HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/qinghuai/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>情怀,或者HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/zanyang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>赞扬HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/quyuan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>屈原的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jingshen/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>精神而表明自己的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/zhongyi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>忠义之心,总之,流不尽的沅湘之水,就是中国HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shiyi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>失意文人的辛酸之泪。“沅湘碧潭水,应自照千峰”(梅尧臣),“堪笑楚江空渺渺,不能洗得直臣冤”(文秀),“沅湘流不尽,屈子怨何深”(戴叔伦)。
读中国古诗词总让人觉得气闷,而没有怒发冲冠的畅快,好像他们只会躲在角落里HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/aiyuan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>哀怨或者表明忠心,从来都不会HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/fennu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>愤怒似的。最多不过是装疯卖傻,“学呆,妆痴,谁解其中意?”“尽教他争甚底,不如他瞌睡,不如咱沉醉,都不管天和地”,没有几个敢真正站起来去怒去喊去抗争!这和《HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shijing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>诗经》开创的“悲而不伤,哀而不怨”的温柔敦厚的诗HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风与HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/quyuan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>屈原的香草HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/moiren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>美人的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yishu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>艺术传统是分不开的。