晴髻离离,太行山势如蝌蚪。稗花盈亩,一寸霜皮厚。
赵魏燕韩,历历堪回首。悲风吼,临洺驿口,黄叶中原走。
《点绛唇·夜宿临洺驿》是一首HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jiyou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>纪游HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/huaigu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>怀古词。“临洺驿”在今河北省永年县,离邯郸市很近,是“古称多HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/gankai/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感慨HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/beige/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>悲歌之士”(韩愈《送董邵南游河北序》)的燕赵之地。上阕写登览所见。首二句当是HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/bangwan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>傍晚斜日下远眺太行HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山的情景一峰峦攒聚。峰如髻,在晴日光照下清晰入目,这是凝视的感觉。当视线扫射呈散点横延时只觉HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山势起伏蜿蜒,游移如蝌蚪。几句粗笔点画,境界阔大而苍凉。动静相合,以动写静。词一起首就出气势,正好向HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/huaigu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>怀古之情过渡。“稗HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花”二句是近看,视线下沉。稗HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花指杂草,望中犹若一层厚霜铺在地面。“盈亩”,意思是一片片有广度感;“一寸”是泛言厚度。田野本应是庄稼物,而今却是“稗HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花”一片,秋色原应呈绚烂状,可现在灰白迷蒙眼帘映入的是如此单调的色彩。这是写眼前景,但此景呈现的是HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiaose/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>萧瑟HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/beiliang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>悲凉之感,同时勾出的也是心中情远HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山雄峙,绵延成势,乃HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ziran/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>自然之景,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山河依然,并不随沧桑剧变而减其势;田亩破败稗HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花遍地是HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shehui/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>社会之貌,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山河易主,一切都没有从HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/zhanluan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>战乱中苏复。
下阕写登临HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/huaigu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>怀古,只用二句略透心绪。“堪回首”三字,当作反诘语气读,即不堪回首。细味又并非HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/lishi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>历史HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/suiyue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>岁月的不堪回首而是HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/lishi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>历史与HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xianshi2/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>现实的对比令人觉得不堪回首。两句表达的是一种失落HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chouchang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>惆怅的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/qinghuai/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>情怀。“悲HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风吼”三句则紧扣北地霜HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风,因其HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风向南故云“黄叶中原走”。这“吼”既是西HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风怒吼,更是词人心里的悲吼。作者把千头万绪、百折千绕的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yumen/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>郁闷、慨叹、愤怨、HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/changwang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>怅惘、困惑、迷茫等等全都裹进了这一“吼”中。结句“黄叶中原走”所构成的境界更是呈现出大地茫茫、寥阔迷离、一切都在黄叶乱舞随HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风旋走的色调中。这是HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jingse/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>景色,也是心态。词人的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/huaigu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>怀古,似已通感于HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ziran/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>自然一时“狂飙为我从天落”,令结拍极具神韵。
从全词来看,上阕全着墨于写HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xianshi2/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>现实之景,下阕首句写过去之景,结句写HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xianshi2/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>现实之景,一古一今。以过去来映衬HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xianshi2/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>现实,加强了词的苍凉深沉感,体现了陈维崧词的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/haofang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>豪放特色。全词以HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiejing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>写景为主,但HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shuqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>抒情渗透于HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiejing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>写景中,具有十分强烈的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shuqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>抒情性。词中未提到任何具体的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/lishi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>历史事件,也没有明言任何具体的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/lishi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>历史鉴戒。内容相当含混,同时也留下了很多想像的空间。