临江仙·西湖春泛鉴赏

原文

堤曲朱墙近远,山明碧瓦高低。好风二十四花期。骄骢穿柳去,文艗挟春飞。

箫鼓晴雷殷殷,笑歌香雾霏霏,间情不受酒禁持。断肠无立处,斜日欲归时。

赏析

  这是一首HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jiyou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>纪游HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shuhuai/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>抒怀词,写词人春泛HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xihu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>西湖的所见所闻所感。全词分两个部分:上片与过片的前两句为前半部分,咏HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xihu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>西湖春泛之全景,气氛欢快;末三句为后半部分,写自己泛舟欲归,情调黯然。临江仙:唐教坊曲名,后用为词调。原曲多用以咏HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shuixian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>水仙,故名。“堤曲朱墙近远,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山明碧瓦高低。”曲:水流弯曲的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/difang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>地方。两句大意是:HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chuntian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>春天的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xihu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>西湖周围,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山明水秀,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风景怡人。在长堤的水流弯曲处,坐落着许多亭台楼榭,红墙碧瓦,远近高低纵横。起二句对仗工整,总写HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xihu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>西湖的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ziran/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>自然和人文环境,色彩鲜明,气韵横生。“好HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风二十四HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花期,骄骢穿柳去,文舟益挟春飞。”好HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风二十四HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花期:即二十四番HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花信HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风。HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/guren2/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>古人将HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chuntian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>春天前后八个HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jieqi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>节气分属二十四种HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花,它们是:小寒梅HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花、HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山茶、HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shuixian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>水仙;大寒瑞香、兰HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花、HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山矾;立春HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yingchun/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>迎春、樱春;HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雨水菜HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花、杏HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花、李HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花;惊蛰桃HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花、棣棠、蔷薇;春分HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/haitang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>海棠、梨HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花、木兰;清明桐HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花、麦HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花、柳HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花;谷HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雨HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/mudan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>牡丹、荼种、楝HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花。骢:原指毛色青白相杂的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ma/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>马,也泛指HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ma/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>马。文罦:即画舫。罦,刻有罧首的船。三句大意是:在二十四番HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花信HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风轻吹的三四个月中,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xihu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>西湖边HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风景如画,游人如织。骑HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ma/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>马的游客在HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/liushu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>柳树间穿行;湖中画船如云满载HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chunse/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>春色荡漾往来。“骄”字刻画HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chuyou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>出游客的盎然意兴,“文”字更为此画面增添了几许绮丽的色彩。“箫鼓晴雷殷殷,笑歌香雾霏霏。”殷殷:盛大的样子。霏霏:形容云气、雾气很盛的样子。两句大意是:HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xihu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>西湖边上箫鼓齐鸣,乐声喧天,仿佛晴空响雷一般。笑声歌声不断,随着HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花香弥漫于湖上。此二句从听觉和嗅觉方面着笔,进一步刻画出HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xihu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>西湖HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chuntian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>春天的热闹繁盛景象。“闲情不受酒禁持,断肠无立处,斜日欲归时。”禁持:是宋、元方言,摆布、纠缠的意思。三句大意是:心中甚感幽独HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/luomo/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>落寞,即使喝得醉意醺醺也高兴不起来。满腹HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chouku/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>愁苦无处诉说,唯有在斜阳之下HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/qiliang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>凄凉地归去。这一部分写词人将自己悄然置身于繁盛热闹的场面之外,大有辛弃疾《玉案》词中的主人公“东HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风夜放HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花千树”时“却在灯火阑珊处”的情味。从写作技巧上来说,这是一种对比的章法,临结一转,给人以无穷的回味余地。

  这首小词情景反衬。词人置身HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花香弥漫、歌舞喧天的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xihu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>西湖HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chunjing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>春景中,心中充满HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/qiliang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>凄凉,是以乐景写哀情的典型手。

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