中谷有蓷,暵其乾矣。有女仳离,嘅其叹矣。嘅其叹矣,遇人之艰难矣!
中谷有蓷,暵其修矣。有女仳离,条其啸矣。条其啸矣,遇人之不淑矣!
中谷有蓷,暵其湿矣。有女仳离,啜其泣矣。啜其泣矣,何嗟及矣!
全诗三章,每章的意思都差不多,反复吟咏,突出HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/zhuti/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>主题:HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/nuzi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>女子遇人不淑,最终HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/tongku/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>痛苦、HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/beishang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>悲伤、HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/fennu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>愤怒。HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/funu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>妇女在春秋时代被HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/nanzi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>男子遗弃的情况,说明男权主义在那个时代已经成为HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shehui/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>社会伦理观念的主流。HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/nuzi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>女子择偶不慎,嫁了个忘恩绝情的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/zhangfu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>丈夫,最终被抛弃,落得个自怨自艾的下场。可见中国HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/funu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>妇女地位的低微,已经有两千年以上的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/lishi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>历史了。
诗歌每节HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/kaitou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>开头,都用HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山谷中的益母草起兴。益母草是中草药,据李时珍《本草纲目》,益母草对HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/funu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>妇女有明目益神的功效,现代也常用益母草作HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/funu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>妇女病治疗调养之用。益母草有益于HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/funu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>妇女养生育子。诗歌用益母草起兴,作用有二:一是这种HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/zhiwu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>植物与HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/funu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>妇女关系密切,提起益母草,可以使人HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/lianxiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>联想到HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/funu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>妇女的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hunlian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>婚恋、生育、家庭、HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/fuqi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>夫妻,由草及人,充分发挥诗歌HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/lianxiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>联想作用;二是益母草已经干枯了,益母草晒干,可入药。HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/funu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>妇女被抛弃,入药的益母草的意义在于:促进HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/fuqi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>夫妻HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ganqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感情和有益于生儿育女的药草,与被离弃的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/funu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>妇女摆在一块,对比强烈,给人的感觉是这位HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/funu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>妇女HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/mingyun/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>命运真太悲惨。因此,“中谷有蓷”一句,是起了HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yinyu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>隐喻作用、HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ganqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感情引导作用和启发HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/lianxiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>联想作用。
每章最后一句,都是HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/funu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>妇女自身觉悟的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/gantan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感叹。被薄幸HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/zhangfu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>丈夫抛弃,她不仅仅是一昧怨天尤人,而是痛定思痛,得出了“遇人之HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jiannan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>艰难”、“遇人之不淑”和“何嗟及矣”的结论。这是对自己过去HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shenghuo/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>生活的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiaojie/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>小结,也是对今后HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shenghuo/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>生活的警诫。吟唱出来,当然是对更多已婚未婚HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/funu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>妇女的提醒和HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/quangao/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>劝告。在这位被抛弃的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/funu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>妇女身上,仍然保留着HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/funu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>妇女自重自觉的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/pinge/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>品格,这正是她灵魂中清醒而HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jianqiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>坚强的一面,启迪着人们。