大别我知友,突兀起西州。十年重见,依旧秀色照清眸。常记鲒碕狂客,邀我登楼雪霁,杖策拥羊裘。山吐月千仞,残夜水明楼。
黄粱梦,未觉枕,几经秋。与君邂逅,相逐飞步碧山头。举酒一觞今古,叹息英雄骨冷,清泪不能收。鹦鹉更谁赋,遗恨满芳州。
这是作者送给自己志同道合的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/pengyou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>朋友汉阳使君的一篇词章,汉阳使君姓名无法知晓,从词中知道他二人阔别十年,重会于大别HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山,感触颇深,因而赋词相赠。
上片起首二句,一语双关,既HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xieren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>写人又HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xioshan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>写HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山,把人与HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ziran/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>自然融为一体。大别HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山,我的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/pengyou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>朋友,高高地耸立在西州,十年后重新相会,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山色依旧秀丽,映照着HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/youren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>友人那清亮的眼睛,多么令人欢愉!下面转入对HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/wangshi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>往事的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/huiyi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>回忆,“常记”三句,“鲒狂客”,指汉阳使君是一个豪爽狂放之人,拄着杖披着羊裘,在大HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雪初停时HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yaoqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>邀请自己HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/denglou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>登楼赏景,那时的大别HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山一派迷人的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yejing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>夜景,使人心醉,在千仞群HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山中,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yueliang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>月亮从HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山头腾然升起,如被HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山吐出一样,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/mingyue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>明月照水,水光又映照楼台,使楼台通明,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jingse/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>景色是那样清秀明澈,挚友们在一起畅游,逸兴HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/haoqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>豪情,何等尽兴!
下片从HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/huiyi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>回忆到HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xianshi2/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>现实。“黄粱梦”三句,写经过十年的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/suiyue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>岁月,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/guojia/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>国家由盛转衰,空有HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/aiguo/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>爱国之心,但HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shitu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>仕途蹭蹬,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/zhuangzhinanchou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/zhuangzhi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>壮志难酬,这一切都如黄粱一梦,眨眼之间,匆匆十年。“与君邂逅”五句,又从HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/gantan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感叹转入眼前,现在HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/youren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>友人邂逅相逢,两人豪兴不减,重游大别HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山,举杯痛饮,畅论古今,但两人都HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/kanke/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>坎坷不平,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xionghuai/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>胸怀HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/fenmen/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>愤懑,现在只能是“HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yingxiong/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>英雄骨冷、清泪难收”了。“骨冷”就是“心冷”,他们满腹HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/aiguo/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>爱国热情,徒遭打击,渐至冷却,只能为国洒泪,痛心疾首。最后以“鹦鹉”二句收束全篇,现在没有谁还能像祢衡一样作《鹦鹉赋》。在长满萋萋芳草的鹦鹉洲上,只留下满腔HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yihen/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>遗恨,是祢衡的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yihen/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>遗恨,也是作者及其HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/youren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>友人的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yihen/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>遗恨。
词作情景结合,境界宏大,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiejing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>写景HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/zhuangwu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>状物,雄伟开阔,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/haoqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>豪情逸兴与HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shenshi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>身世之志并寓其中、慷慨激昂,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/kuangda/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>旷达HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/haofang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>豪放。
全篇词HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ganqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感情HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/haomai/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>豪迈粗犷之中见真情,作者再现了大别HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山纵横辽阔、莽莽苍苍的雄浑境界,体现了一种浓郁的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ganqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感情色彩。起句“大别我知友”,用HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/niren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>拟人手法,赋予大HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ziran/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>自然以情感意识。大别HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山成了词人的“知友”,“突兀起西州”句,笔势突然跃动,呈现大别HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山的挺拔耸立;这里“西州”指汉阳军。在突兀雄壮的大别HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山前,激起心灵深处的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ganqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感情波涛:“十年重见,依旧秀色照清眸。”阔别了十年的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山色,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jingse/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>景色依然清秀如故亲切HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ziran/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>自然。十年前作者曾游此HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山,连及当年邀陪游HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山之人:“常记鲒碕狂客,邀我HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/denglou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>登楼HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雪霁,杖策拥羊裘。”寥寥几笔,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/pengyou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>朋友的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/haofang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>豪放HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xingge/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>性格又鲜明地呈现在读者面前。鲒碕,又称鲒碕,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山名,在今浙江奉化县东南。此“鲒碕狂客”指“汉阳使君”,点出其籍贯。
“狂客”二字,从唐朝贺知章自号的“四明狂客”而来。四明宋时称明州,治所在今浙江宁波,鲒碕HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山在其境内,故称“鲒碕狂客”,显然以贺知章为比拟,写出这位汉阳使君的豪逸狂放:“杖策拥羊裘”,通过拄杖披裘的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yishu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>艺术形象,表达十年前HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/pengyou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>朋友相逢时一块儿HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雪后汉HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山的快乐的情致。衬托了大别HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雪后的迷人的凌晨HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jingse/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>景色:“HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山吐月千仞,残夜水明楼。”千仞群HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山,配以一轮残月,同时HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yueguang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>月光照着清澈的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hushui/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>湖水,水光又反映入楼台,真是一派HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jingse/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>景色HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/youmoi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>优美,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ganqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感情飘逸的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山光HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yuese/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>月色。“残夜水明楼”出自杜甫的《月》诗:“四更HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山吐月,残夜水明楼。”王以宁袭用诗语,再现了与故友同游的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/moihao/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>美好HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/huiyi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>回忆:HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雪天HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yueye/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>月夜的大别HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jingse/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>景色清秀明澈,两位挚友登HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山,逸兴与HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山月水色一起充满宇宙。
词的下片,作者以飞动的笔调,把久别相逢的激荡HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/haoqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>豪情又推向一个新的高峰。十年的漫长HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/suiyue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>岁月,个人的宦海浮沉,犹如黄粱一梦。“黄粱梦,未觉枕,几经秋”,过片承上启下,与上阕的“常记鲒碕狂客”相衔接,这次重游大别HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山,是作者在经历了打击、折磨之后,但没有使词人颓丧HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiaoji/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>消极,反而作者的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/sixiang2/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>思想HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ganqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感情的发展比十年前更加成熟深沉。这里的“与君邂逅,相逐飞步碧HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山头”句,与上片“邀我HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/denglou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>登楼HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雪霁”遥相呼应,过去是HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雪后“杖策拥羊裘”HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/dengshang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>登上HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山头,这次老友之间因偶然的机会相逢,“相逐飞步碧HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山头”但是彼此豪兴仍不减当年。“碧HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山头”指大别HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山巅。巍峨的大别HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山,又一次迎接这两位老HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/pengyou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>朋友,他们在“碧HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山头”举杯痛饮,畅谈今古,两人都HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/zhuangzhi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>壮志未遂,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/beifen/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>悲愤填膺。真是一对志同道合的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shengsi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>生死之友“举杯一觞今古,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/tanxi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>叹息HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yingxiong/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>英雄骨冷,清泪不能收”,这一句写重游大别HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山的种种HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/gankai/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感慨,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/tanxi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>叹息过去“HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yingxiong/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>英雄骨冷”,现在想来清泪难收。古代如此,现在又怎么能改变得紧接着从汉阳鹦鹉洲的眼前景致HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/lianxiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>联想到祢衡作《鹦鹉赋》的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/gushi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>故事,因此作者以“鹦鹉更谁赋,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yihen/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>遗恨满芳洲”结束全词。表现了作者的事不随愿,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/huaicaibuyu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>怀才不遇的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/beifen/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>悲愤之情。在这芳草萋萋的鹦鹉洲上,只有满腔HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yihen/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>遗恨!他借《鹦鹉赋》为喻,道出了胸中的郁积:“飞步碧HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山头”的激烈HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/qinghuai/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>情怀,在面对鹦鹉洲的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/huaigu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>怀古幽思中,又逐渐地趋于低潮,陷入沉思之中。
词意是“呈汉阳使君”,记叙作者与老HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/pengyou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>朋友汉阳使君的深厚情谊。王以宁对两次HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/youlan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>游览大别HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山的描写,文笔飞动:第一次逸兴遄飞,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/zhuangzhi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>壮志满怀,但还没有经受过压抑的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/tongku/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>痛苦;第二次“飞步碧HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山头”,是在HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shitu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>仕途险阻、人世变迁之后,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ganqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感情转入苍凉深邃但词人的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xinli/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>心理却更加成熟。词篇所展现的,是HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/haomai/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>豪迈而细腻的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ganqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感情体验,是壮阔宏大的突兀HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山峰,是千仞丛HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山中的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yuese/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>月色和令人深思的“残夜水明楼”,是芳草萋萋析鹦鹉洲的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/huaigu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>怀古HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/youyuan2/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>幽怨。词人在强烈动荡的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/sixiang2/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>思想情绪中,动用动静相结合的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yishu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>艺术手段,将大HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ziran/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>自然的环境与作者的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ganqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感情波澜和谐地统一起来,“相逐飞步碧HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山头”,这句是写HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/pengyou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>朋友邂逅相逢的万千HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/gankai/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感慨,极其激动,在翠碧的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山峰上飞步相逐,情趣达到了忘情忘我的境界;本来是静悄悄的大别HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山的黑夜秀色,大别HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山头的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yueye/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>月夜群峰,亦为词家一阵阵飘动的情绪狂澜所掀动所感动。动静相互映衬,相得益彰。词篇音调飞扬,顿挫有力,笔飞墨动,纵横豪石,独具异彩。