朔风吹雪透刀瘢,饮马长城窟更寒。
半夜火来知有敌,一时齐保贺兰山。
写边庭夜警、卫戍HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jiangshi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>将士奋起守土保国的小诗。描写HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/biansai/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>边塞HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风光和边地征战的作品,在唐诗中屡见不鲜。早在盛唐时期,高适、岑参、李颀等人就以写这一方面的题材而闻名于世,形成了著名的所谓“HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/biansai/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>边塞诗派”,以后的一些诗人也屡有创作。但这组小诗,却能在写同类HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shenghuo/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>生活和HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/zhuti/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>主题的作品中,做到“语意新奇,韵格超绝”(明胡应麟《诗薮·内编》卷六评此HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/zushi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>组诗语),不落常套,这是值得赞叹的。
“朔HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风吹HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雪透刀瘢”,北地严寒,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雪凛冽,这是许多HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/biansai/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>边塞诗都曾写过的,所谓“九月天HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风似刀”(岑参),所谓“HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雨HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雪纷纷连大漠”(李颀),再夸张些说“燕HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雪HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花大如席”(李白),“随HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风满地石乱走”(岑参),但总还没有HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风吹飞HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雪,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雪借HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风势,用穿透刀瘢这样的形容使人来得印象深刻。HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/bianjiang2/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>边疆HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jiangshi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>将士身经百战,留下累累瘢痕,如王昌龄所写:“不信沙场苦,君看刀箭瘢”,其艰险HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/tongku/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>痛苦情形栩栩如生;而这首小诗却写负伤过的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jiangshi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>将士仍在守戍的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/gangwei/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>岗位上继续冲HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风冒HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雪,又不是单就HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雪本身来描写,而是说从已有的刀瘢处透进去,加倍写出戍HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/bianjiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>边将士的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jianxin/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>艰辛。次句“饮HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ma/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>马HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/changcheng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>长城窟更寒”,是由古HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yuefu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>乐府“饮HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ma/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>马HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/changcheng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>长城窟,水寒伤HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ma/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>马骨”句化来,加一“更”字,以增其“寒”字的份量。这两句对北地的严寒做了极至的形容,为下文蓄势。
“半夜火来知有敌”,是说烽火夜燃,响起敌人夜袭的警报。结句“一时齐保贺兰HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山”,是这首小诗诗意所在。“一时”,犹言同时,无先后;“齐”,犹言共同,无例外,形容闻警后HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jiangshi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>将士们在极HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/kunnan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>困难的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ziran/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>自然条件下,团结一致、共同抗敌的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yingxiong/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>英雄气概。全诗格调急促高昂,写HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jianku/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>艰苦,是为了表现HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jiangshi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>将士们的不畏HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jianku/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>艰苦;题名为“怨”,而毫无边怨HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/aitan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>哀叹之情,这是一首歌唱HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yingxiong/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>英雄主义、充满HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jiji/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>积极HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/leguan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>乐观HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jingshen/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>精神的小诗。