好事近·风定落花深鉴赏

原文

风定落花深,帘外拥红堆雪。长记海棠开后,正伤春时节。

酒阑歌罢玉尊空,青缸暗明灭。魂梦不堪幽怨,更一声啼鴂。

赏析

  这是一首抒发HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shangchun/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>伤春HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/qinghuai/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>情怀的词。

  首先值得注意的是,词人抒发HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shangchun/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>伤春之情,并非因先睹物而引致HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shanggan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>伤感,而是深处闺中,即敏锐地HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ganwu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感悟到大HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ziran/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>自然细微的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/bianhua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>变化,由此引起情感HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/bianhua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>变化。“HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风定落HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花深,帘外拥红堆HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雪”,词人由HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风住,即断定“帘外”定然是落HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花遍地,红白堆积。表现了词人的敏感与对HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/moihao/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>美好事物的关注之情。唐孟浩然《春晓》诗云:“春眠不觉晓,处处闻啼HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/niao/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>鸟。夜来HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雨声,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花落知多少?”韩偓《懒起》诗云:“昨夜三更HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雨,临明一阵寒。HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/haitang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>海棠HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花在否?倒卧卷帘看。”这两位诗人对HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yuhou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雨后HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花的状况均无所知,虽有怜HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花之意,但毕竟不如李清照。当然,李清照对落HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花给予极大关注,在其潜意识中,多少带有以之自况的成分。首二句虽为HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/zhuangwu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>状物,但HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shanggan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>伤感之情已隐然可感。“长记HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/haitang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>海棠开后,正HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shangchun/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>伤春时节”,次二句,词人的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/huiyi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>回忆闸门被打开,但对HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/wangshi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>往事的具体内容却避而不谈,只是说此时HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/haitang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>海棠HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花落之时,亦是自己HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shangchun/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>伤春时节。“长记”,即常记,说明以往的“伤心时节”之事,常萦绕于心。此外,词人在诸多HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花卉中,对HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/haitang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>海棠情有独钟,这或许是HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/haitang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>海棠有“HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花中HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shenxian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>神仙”之美称,以及如霞似HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雪般的秾丽娇娆,尤其是其高贵优雅之美,与词人个性颇为近似。词人的《如梦令》词:“昨夜HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风疏HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雨骤,浓睡不消残酒。试问卷帘人,却道HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/haitang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>海棠依旧。知否?知否?应是绿肥红瘦。”也表达了对HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/haitang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>海棠的钟爱,其HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shuqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>抒情方式与此词上片也相似。

  上片侧重由景生情,为落HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花而慨叹,而HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shangchun/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>伤春。下片则HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ziran/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>自然过渡到对闺门独处、HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/guji/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>孤寂HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/kumen/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>苦闷HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shenghuo/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>生活的描绘。“酒阑歌罢玉尊空,青缸暗明灭。”词人在这里并没有直言其如何的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/guji/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>孤寂,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chouku/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>愁苦,而是通过四个极富象征意味的物体刻画酒阑、歌罢、空的酒杯以及忽明忽暗的油灯,整个画面幽暗、HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/qiqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>凄清、空冷。试想,一个闺中HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/sifu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>思妇置身于如此环境中,其HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xinqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>心情该是怎样的凄怆HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/guji/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>孤寂,一切尽在不言之中了。“魂梦不堪HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/youyuan2/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>幽怨,更一声啼鴂”,白日词人是惜HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花伤时,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yewan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>夜晚则借酒浇愁愁更愁,想在梦中得到一丝慰藉,然而梦中的情景,依旧使梦魂HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/youyuan2/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>幽怨HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/aichou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>哀愁。醒来之时,听到窗外凄厉的“啼鴂”声,更增添了HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/beichuang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>悲怆的情感。因为“恐鹈鴂之先鸣兮,使夫百草为之不芳”(HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/quyuan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>屈原《离骚》),春已逝去,百HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花也已凋落殆尽。

  这首词抒写的是HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shangchun/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>伤春HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/qiku/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>凄苦之情,但词人并没有正面来抒写自己的情感,而是通过室内外HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jingwu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>景物的刻画,把自己的凄情浓愁寄寓其中,因而全词读来,更感其情深沉、凝重。

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