满庭芳·水抱孤城鉴赏

原文

水抱孤城,云开远戍,垂柳点点栖鸦。晚潮初落,残日漾平沙。白鸟悠悠自去,汀洲外、无限蒹葭。西风起,飞花如雪,冉冉去帆斜。

天涯、还忆旧,香尘随马,明月窥车。渐秋风镜里,暗换年华。纵使长条无恙,重来处、攀折堪嗟。人何许,朱楼一角,寂寞倚残霞。

赏析

  这首长调上片HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiejing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>写景宁静HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xianshi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>闲适,颇有“无我之境”的味道;下片回想HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shaonian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>少年意兴引入HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jilu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>羁旅秋HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/beishang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>悲伤心HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jiewei/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>结尾倚栏人形象回应了前边的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiejing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>写景,可知前边HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jingse/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>景色皆倚栏人所见。从而引导读者返回去品味上片的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiejing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>写景,发现原来上片也不是单纯的“无我之境”,它已经在宁静淡远的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jingse/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>景色之中隐藏了许多悲哀和HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/wunai/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>无奈。

  “水抱孤城,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雪开远戍,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chuiliu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>垂柳点点栖鸦”这几句一连串三组意象构成了一幅HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xianshi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>闲适、静谧的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/tuhua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>图画:流水环绕孤城,遮住远方天空的浮云已经散去,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/liushu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>柳树上栖息着三三两两的乌鸦。这三组HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jingwu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>景物HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/fenbie/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>分别可以让人HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/lianxiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>联想到HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/guxiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>故乡,对远方HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/zhenHRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/gre/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>征人的期盼和对安居无忧的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiangwang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>向往。因此,它们看起来HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xianshi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>闲适,实际上却是引发HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/youzi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>游子HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jilu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>羁旅之愁的起源。“晚潮初落,残日漾平沙”通过一个“漾”给了这幅静谧安祥的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/tuhua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>图画增添了一种动态。

  “白HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/niao/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>鸟悠悠自去,汀州外,无限蒹葭”是镜头的转动,水HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/niao/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>鸟和无边无际的芦苇也承启了下面一句。“西HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风起,飞HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花如HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雪”这里的飞HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花,显然不是HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chuntian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>春天的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/liuxu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>柳絮而是上一句的芦HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花,正是这芦HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花给整个画面染上了一层朦胧的色彩。在这遥远朦胧的水面上“冉冉”的“去帆”那就是作者对自己遥远、朦胧的记忆中某些HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/wangshi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>往事的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/huiyi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>回忆。

  下片开的“天涯,还HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yijiu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>忆旧”就很HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ziran/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>自然地把描写重点从景转向于情了。“香尘随HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ma/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>马,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/mingyue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>明月窥车”是HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yijiu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>忆旧,写的是当年元宵夜游的意兴。这一句明显是化用唐人苏味道的两句诗“暗尘随HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ma/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>马去,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/mingyue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>明月逐人来”。无论当年有多么欢乐,可是到了“渐秋HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风镜里,暗换年华”的时候,人的意兴也就随之起了很大弯化,“纵使长条无恙,重来处,攀折堪嗟”就是说的这种HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/bianhua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>变化。“朱楼一角,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jimo/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>寂寞倚残霞”,就是通过一个倚朱楼而望暮霞的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/gudu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>孤独身影十分含蓄地写出了一种HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/wangshi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>往事如烟,良辰不再的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/beiqiu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>悲秋情绪。“人何许”人就在那HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/beiqiu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>悲秋的高楼上极目远望,他已经与这HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jimo/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>寂寞HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jingse/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>景色融入到一个画面了。

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