秋色冷并刀,一派酸风卷怒涛。并马三河年少客,粗豪,皂栎林中醉射雕。
残酒忆荆高,燕赵悲歌事未消。忆昨车声寒易水,今朝,慷慨还过豫让桥。
全词在行文上,前两句总述,后两句分叙,在分叙中又以“忆昨”和“今朝”的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shijian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>时间词标明,既说明词人在“邢州道上”的奔波进程,又可见诗人浮想联翩,情随景出的思绪,显得眉目清楚,词气贯注,再加上在HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shuqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>抒情中熔HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xushi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>叙事、HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/huaigu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>怀古、HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yilun/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>议论于一炉,更给人以一气呵成之感。
上片写道中所见。起首二句写秋色阴冷,秋HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风劲厉。用并刀相比、冰肌刺骨,好象刀割,可谓HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiangxiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>想象奇特,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/biyu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>比喻尖新。HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiofeng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>写HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风劲,不仅用“卷涛”的夸张描写,更用一个“酸”字加以渲染,就突出了秋HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风直射眸子的尖利、寒冷和惨烈感,两句词采用HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/biyu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>比喻、夸张、通感等HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yishu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>艺术手法,生动地写出词人对严酷的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ziran/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>自然环境的独特感受,从而为下文“三河年少客”的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yingxiong/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>英雄豪举提拱了典型环境。后三句写“三河年少客”在林中骑射的情景。古称善射者为“射雕手”,在西HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风劲历,寒意刺骨的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shenqiu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>深秋,竟有HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yingxiong/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>英雄HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shaonian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>少年呼朋引伴、冒HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风冲寒,驰HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ma/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>马弋射,这确是一种粗犷豪举,一个“醉”字,更是醉态淋漓,神情毕现,词人以HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/zanshang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>赞赏的笔调刻画了这一幅HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shenqiu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>深秋醉射图,形象生动HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风格雄健“粗豪”两字,更是HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ganqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感情贯注,笔力千钧。
下片写HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/huaigu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>怀古HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xinqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>心情,词用“残酒忆荆高”换头,字面上,从HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shaonian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>少年的“醉射”引出自己的“残酒”;内容上,从写所见转入HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/huaigu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>怀古;HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ganqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感情上,从HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/zanyang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>赞扬HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shaonian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>少年变为HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/gantan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感叹自己,承上启下,过渡HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ziran/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>自然,一个“忆”字更是有力地领起下文“荆高”,指荆轲、高渐离,其实也包括豫让的事,这里只说两人,是为了押韵,二是限于字数不能遍举。接着词人回顾了春秋战国的两曲“燕赵HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/beige/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>悲歌”:一是关于荆轲和高渐离的事迹,二是豫让复仇报主的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/gushi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>故事。两曲HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/beige/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>悲歌流传至今,使人HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jili/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>激励,也使人HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/tanxi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>叹息,这就是“事未消”的含义。词人触景怀思,心灵也深受震撼,因此,他乘车过易水时,深感其“寒”,这“寒”既是对HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ziran/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>自然气候的实写,也是HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/lishi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>历史HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/wangshi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>往事的重现,更是词人内心HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ganqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感情的流露,这里有对荆、高HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/zhuangzhi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>壮志未酬的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/wanxi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>惋惜,也有对自己霜刃未试的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shanggan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>伤感,但作者并不颓唐,在过豫让桥时忽多“慷慨”,这“慷慨”,是对豫让坚持复仇报主、耻于苟且偷生HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jingshen/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>精神的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/zanyang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>赞扬,也是对自己不甘沉寂、勇于奋起的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jili/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>激励。作者HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/mianhuai/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>缅怀三位壮士是借HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/guren2/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>古人的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/beizhuang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>悲壮事迹抒写自己心中的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/gankai/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感慨,抒发壮怀激烈的雄心。慷慨豪气,力透纸背。