旅宿鉴赏

原文

旅馆无良伴,凝情自悄然。

寒灯思旧事,断雁警愁眠。

远梦归侵晓,家书到隔年。

沧江好烟月,门系钓鱼船。

赏析

  这是HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jilu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>羁旅HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/huaixiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>怀乡之作。HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/lijia/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>离家久远,目睹旅馆门外的渔船即加以艳羡。幽恨HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiangchou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>乡愁、委实凄绝。颈联“远梦归侵晓,家书到隔年”意思曲折多层,实乃千锤百炼的警句。

  首联起,直接破题,点明情境,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jilu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>羁旅HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/sixiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>思乡之情如怒涛排壑,劈空而来。可以想见,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/lijia/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>离家久远,独在HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yixiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>异乡,没有HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/zhiyin/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>知音,家书也要隔年才到,此时孤客对寒灯,浓厚深沉的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/sixiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>思乡之情油然而生,必会陷入深深的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/youyu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>忧郁之中。“凝情自悄然”是此时此地此情此景中HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shuqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>抒情主人公神情HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/taidu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>态度的最好写照:静对寒灯,专注幽独,黯然伤神,将诗人的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/sinian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>思念之情写到极致。

  颔联承,是首联“凝情自悄然”的具体化,诗人融情于景,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hanye/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>寒夜孤灯陪伴孤客,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/sinian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>思念HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/guxiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>故乡旧年HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/wangshi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>往事,失群孤雁声声鸣叫,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jilu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>羁旅之人深愁难眠,细致地描绘出了一幅HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hanye/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>寒夜孤客HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/sixiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>思乡图景。“思”字和“警”字极富炼字功夫。灯不能思,却要HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hanye/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>寒夜HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chousi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>愁思陈年旧事,物尤如此,人何以堪。由灯及人,显然用意在人不在物。“警”字也极富情味。HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/luren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>旅人孤灯,长夜难眠,一声雁叫,引孤客嫠妇HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chousi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>愁思惊梦,归思难收。

  首联与颔联极言乡关遥远,幽愁满怀。梦见自己回到家中,因路途遥远,梦醒时分天已大明,家书须隔年才能寄到旅馆,可见HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/lijia/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>离家之远,表达出对HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jiaxiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>家乡深沉的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/sinian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>思念。

  颈联转,用设想之词,虚实结合,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiangxiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>想象奇特,表现出此时此地此情此景中诗人因HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chousi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>愁思难耐、HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/guijia/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>归家无望而生出的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yuanhen/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>怨恨。HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/guxiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>故乡远在千里,只能梦中相见,也许是短梦,也许是长梦,但梦中醒来却已到天明。字里行间,流露出梦短情长的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/youyuan2/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>幽怨。而这一切又都由于“家书到隔年”的实际情况。作为诗歌由HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiejing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>写景向HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shuqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>抒情的过渡,转句用梦境写旅宿思愁HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/aiyuan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>哀怨,亦虚亦实,虚中写实,以实衬虚的特点读来回肠荡气。

  尾联合,收拢有力,却并非直抒胸意,而是以设想之词,勾勒HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jiaxiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>家乡美丽的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shenghuo/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>生活图景,融情于景,借景HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shuqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>抒情,把浓烈的归思之情融入HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jiaxiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>家乡HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/youmoi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>优美的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风景之中。沧江烟霭,云霞明灭,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yuese/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>月色溶溶,家门外系着HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/diaoyu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>钓鱼船,一幅HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/youmoi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>优美宁静祥和的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jiaxiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>家乡HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风光图景。画面中虽然没有HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xieren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>写人物,但一条静静地系于家门外的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/diaoyu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>钓鱼船却让人产生丰富的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/lianxiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>联想。面对这样一幅HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jiaxiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>家乡HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/youmoi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>优美的画面,谁人不梦绕魂牵,更何况旅宿在外的诗人呢!HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jiaxiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>家乡远隔千里,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/luren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>旅人归思难收,如此HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/youmoi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>优美的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jiaxiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>家乡HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风光图景非但没有给诗人以慰藉,反而加深了诗人的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/sixiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>思乡HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chouku/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>愁苦。这是用乐景反衬哀情的典型。HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/moijing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>美景幽思、HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yuanhen/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>怨恨HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiangchou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>乡愁、委实凄绝。除却个中人,任何人也难以深味个中情。不过,“烟月”在此实际上是借代,并非一定就是“烟”,就是“月”。正所谓,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/wenxue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>文学作品的形象大于思维,此处一个“烟月”可以触发不同的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/luren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>旅人HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/sifu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>思妇产生不同的意象HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/lianxiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>联想,从而产生强大的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yishu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>艺术感染力。

  颈联与尾联看似跳出了HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiangchou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>乡愁,艳羡门外沧江鱼船的清闲自在,其实是借HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/taxiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>他乡之物,更曲折地表达出诗人HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/sixiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>思乡之情。全诗层层推进,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiejing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>写景HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shuqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>抒情都有独到之处。

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