念奴娇·西湖和人韵鉴赏

原文

晚风吹雨,战新荷、声乱明珠苍璧。谁把香奁收宝镜,云锦红涵湖碧。飞鸟翻空,游鱼吹浪,惯趁笙歌席。坐中豪气,看公一饮千石。

遥想处士风流,鹤随人去,老作飞仙伯。茅舍疏篱今在否,松竹已非畴昔。欲说当年,望湖楼下,水与云宽窄。醉中休问,断肠桃叶消息。

赏析

  《念奴娇·HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xihu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>西湖和人韵》是吟咏杭州HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xihu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>西湖的词。此词把HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ziran/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>自然美与HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/renwu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>人物美融合在一起来写。别有一番HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风味。

  词的上片吟咏HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xihu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>西湖HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/moijing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>美景。HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/kaitou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>开头三句写HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雨打新荷的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shengyin/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>声音。荷而曰新,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风而曰晚,点明游湖时是HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chuxia/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>初夏的一个HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/bangwan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>傍晚;顶HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风冒HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雨,不嫌其烦,反觉HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雨打新荷“声乱明珠苍避”,悦耳动听,其游兴之高可想而知。“谁把”二句写HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雨过天晴,红日西沉,满天云霞倒映湖中。碧水彩霞,相映成趣。“红涵湖碧”四字,色彩对比鲜明,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xihu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>西湖HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/huguang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>湖光HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山色之美便隐寓其中了。“飞HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/niao/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>鸟”三句HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xioyu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>写鱼HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/niao/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>鸟追逐游船的场景。“翻”“吹”二字用得特别好。“翻”,言HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/niao/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>鸟在空中上下飞舞;“吹”谓鱼在水里游动吐泡。“惯趁空欲席”鱼HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/niao/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>鸟己习惯于逐堡歌追游人,嬉戏觅食了。这看似闲笔,其实非常重要,它不仅表现出HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xihu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>西湖的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ziran/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>自然美,而且表现出入与HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ziran/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>自然的和谐美。“坐中”二句上承“空歇席”写与HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/youren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>友人豪饮。这既点HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chuyou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>出游兴之豪,又由今人之豪HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/lianxiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>联想HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/guren2/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>古人之逸,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ziran/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>自然地过渡到下片对林逋的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/huiyi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>回忆。

  词的下片HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/mianhuai/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>缅怀HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xihu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>西湖名士。林逋少孤力学,刻志不仕,结庐HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xihu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>西湖孤HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山,逋不娶,无子,所居多植梅蓄鹤。有鹤妻梅子之称,其HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yongmei/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>咏梅诗尤负盛名。“遥想”三句,描述的就是林逋的这段HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shenghuo/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>生活。“遥想”二字和苏轼《念奴娇·赤壁HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/huaigu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>怀古》过片用“遥想”一样,可以说是思接千载,有力地振起了全词。彭孙遹《金粟词话》说:“林处士鹤妻梅子,可称千古高HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风矣。”这也许就是此词所说“处士HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风流”的含义。“鹤随人去,已作飞仙伯”,是说林逋死后,不仅上升仙界,而且成为飞仙之长,这和称李白为滴仙人,说石曼卿死后成仙主芙蓉城一样,说明其人不凡。林逋是这样一个HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风流HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/renwu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>人物,总会让人HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/huainian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>怀念林逋。“茅舍”二句写林逋故居己不可见,松竹也非畴昔可比。给人一种人去楼空之感。“欲说”三句宕开一笔,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xioyun/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>写云与水。和上片“云锦红涵湖碧”相照应,谓人已不见,物也不存,只有闲话当年望湖楼下,云水忽上忽下,变幻不定的情景了。“醉中”二句收合并映带“看公”二句,意谓尽情HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yinjiu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>饮酒。您意游湖,不必去想桃根桃叶的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/gushi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>故事,并以桃叶反衬林逋,缴足了“遥想处士HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风流”之意。

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