残雪庭阴,轻寒帘影,霏霏玉管春葭。小帖金泥,不知春在谁家。相思一夜窗前梦,奈个人、水隔天遮。但凄然,满树幽香,满地横斜。
江南自是离愁苦,况游骢古道,归雁平沙。怎得银笺,殷勤与说年华。如今处处生芳草,纵凭高、不见天涯。更消他,几度东风,几度飞花。
“残HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雪庭阴,轻寒帘影,霏霏玉管春葭。”“残HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雪庭阴”写庭院背阴处还留有残HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雪。“轻寒帘影”春寒料峭,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风动帘拢。“霏霏玉管春葭”,古时季节HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/bianhua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>变化,用箫管十二,置芦苇(葭)灰于孔中,室内封闭,蒙上罗彀,那一HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jieqi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>节气到了,那一律管葭灰就飞出。“霏霏”春葭灰的飞动貌。玉管即箫管。这句就是讲立春到了。“小帖金泥,不知春在谁家。”回答周密“燕归何处人家。”宋代立春日HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/gongzhong/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>宫中命大臣撰写殿阁的宜春帖子词,士大夫间当然也自己书写,字用金泥,所以说金泥小贴。这种HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/fengsu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风俗,元代还有。这里是说改朝换代,当日HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/huanggong/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>皇宫不存在了,士大夫散去,何人在这时候用金泥写宜春帖子贴挂?春落谁家?
“HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiangsi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>相思一夜窗前梦,奈个人、水隔天遮。”写HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/sinian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>思念杭州如一帘幽梦,但醒来却是水隔绝,天遮断,“个人”当指周密。“但凄然,满树幽香,满地横斜”,是点出周密所在地西泠孤HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山之畔,说只梦见到满树幽香,满地枝影横斜的梅HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/qiliang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>凄凉HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jingse/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>景色。这里写出“个人”(即周密)HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shenghuo/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>生活虽然HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/qiliang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>凄凉,但心态高洁。
“HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jiangnan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>江南自是HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/lichou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>离愁苦,况游骢古道,归雁平沙”,意谓理解周密HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/huainian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>怀念越友及旧游地的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/liqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>离情。HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jiangnan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>江南HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chunse/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>春色自是最让人感受到HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/lichou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>离愁之苦的。“江淹《别赋》:”春草碧色,春水渌波,送君南浦,伤如之何?“都是写HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jiangnan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>江南HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/lichou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>离愁之苦的。HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chunse/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>春色之妍,与HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/lichou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>离愁之苦,对比强烈。
“况游骢古道,归雁平沙”,纵青骢HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ma/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>马游过的古道和时舟行所见的平沙落雁呢!和周密词中的“残寒梅未绽,正潮过两陵短亭逢雁”相近。“怎得银笺,殷勤与说年华。”意为:想写信对周密表示慰藉笔触从跌宕转为平收。想到你的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/huainian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>怀念,便想觅得银泥HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花笺,不嫌词费的和你讲一讲如今HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jiangnan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>江南HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chuntian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>春天物华。
“如今处处生芳草,纵凭高、不见天涯。”此处又笔转别恨,细数离怀。呼应周密原词:“归鸿自趁潮回去,笑倦游、犹是天涯。”从越倦游归去,此身还远在天涯。周密词“萋萋望极王孙草”说:确实如今到处长满了HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chuntian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>春天芳草,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/denggao/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>登高HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/wangyuan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>望远,已不见你所在之处。这二句和晏殊《蝶恋HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花》“昨夜西HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风凋碧树,独上高楼,望尽天涯路”,用笔正相反。柳永词《八声甘州》曾有句:“不忍HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/denggao/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>登高临远,望HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/guxiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>故乡渺,归思难收。”和此句描写手法相似。
“更难消,几度东HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风,几度飞HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花”,讲这样的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/libie/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>离别HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiangsi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>相思,人将老去,怎能消几番春HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风来,春HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花谢呢!和“不知春在谁家”、“殷勤与说年华”等句相照应,围绕HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/liqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>离情说,却有HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chunguang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>春光无主,好景不常的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ganshang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感伤。王安石诗“不知乌石岗头路,到老相寻得几回”,和此句意思相近,但沉痛过之。
周密在原词中曾有句“HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雪霁空城,燕归何人家。”王沂孙在词中也有类似句子,同时抒发了“可怜王谢堂前燕,飞入寻常HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/baixing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>百姓家”的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/gankai/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感慨。在朦胧的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/wangguo/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>亡国的哀感蕴藏在胸中,却无所依托,只好写出HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/lichou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>离愁别绪。