绮寮怨·上马人扶残醉鉴赏

原文

上马人扶残醉,晓风吹未醒。映水曲、翠瓦朱檐,垂杨里、乍见津亭。当时曾题败壁,蛛丝罩、淡墨苔晕青。念去来、岁月如流,徘徊久、叹息愁思盈。

去去倦寻路程。江陵旧事,何曾再问杨琼。旧曲凄清。敛愁黛、与谁听。尊前故人如在,想念我、最关情。何须渭城。歌声未尽处,先泪零。

赏析

  这首词流露的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ganqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感情来说,应该是作者重回故地,在离开时突然看见过去自己与HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/qinHRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/gre/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>情人HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/fenbie/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>分别时的津口亭馆,所激起的对HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/qinHRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/gre/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>情人的深切的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/sinian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>思念之情。

  “上HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ma/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>马人扶残醉,晓HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风吹未醒”起句很是突兀。“上HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ma/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>马人扶残醉”隐括李白《鲁中都东楼醉起作》诗:“阿谁扶上HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ma/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>马,不省下楼时。”晓HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风即晨HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风。从“残醉”和“晓HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风”两句可以看出词人通宵HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yinjiu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>饮酒,直到天亮。柳永有词“今宵酒醒何处,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yangliu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>杨柳岸、晓HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风残月,”晓HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风尤能吹去醉意。周词中词人不仅不知道谁人扶上HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ma/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>马,而且吹不醒,可见词人醉酒的浓度和深度,不可破除。作者由酒醉不醒写起,却掩盖了酒醉的起因,这是词人写词的顿挫处,也为后面HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ganqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感情的抒发埋下了伏笔。

  “映水曲、翠瓦朱檐,垂杨里、乍见津亭。”这里要注意“乍”字,一个字透出很多惊讶来。猛然间看见了柳荫中的渡口亭馆,它坐落在水流曲折处,绿瓦红檐,特别醒目。“乍见津亭”惊醒了词人的醉意,也唤起了词人的记忆。“当时曾题败壁,蛛丝罩、淡墨苔晕青。”意为多年以前,曾在津亭的墙壁上题词,现在墙壁已经破败剥落,蛛丝笼罩,墨迹淡化,苔晕青青。这引起词人很大的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shanggan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>伤感。“念去来、HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/suiyue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>岁月如流,徘徊久、HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/tanxi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>叹息HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chousi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>愁思盈。”“去来”,指不停的奔波。HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/suiyue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>岁月如流,谢灵运《拟魏太子邺中HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/tishi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>题诗八首》HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xuwen/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>序文:“HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/suiyue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>岁月如流,零落将尽。”是说HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shijian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>时间好像流水一样飞逝而过。“徘徊久、HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/tanxi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>叹息HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chousi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>愁思盈”,暗用江淹《别赋》中的句子:“HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/mingyue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>明月白露,光阴往来,与子之别,思心徘徊。是以别方不定,别理千名。有别必怨,有怨必盈。”以上句意为年去岁来,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shijian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>时间好像流水一样过去,在此地徘徊HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/liulian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>留恋,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/tanxi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>叹息声声,有满怀的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chousi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>愁思。这是上半阙,写思情。先写自己通宵HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yinjiu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>饮酒大醉,由乍见津亭念及败壁题词,勾起自己对HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/wangshi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>往事的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/huiyi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>回忆,渐渐明白醉酒之因。但是还不是很明显,对HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/wangshi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>往事的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/huiyi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>回忆只是由津亭,败笔题词带过,也没有明确HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/huainian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>怀念对象。留下HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ganqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感情线索,在下半阙展开。

  “去去倦寻路程”。“去去”在柳永的《HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雨霖铃》中有“念去去,千里烟波,暮霭沉沉楚天阔”。二者意义相同,即去了又去、走了又走,不停的奔波行役之意。“倦”字写出词人的倦怠之情。“江陵旧事,何事再问杨琼。”江陵,东晋时期荆州治所,在今湖北江陵,此代指荆州。这句隐括了元稹《和乐天示杨琼》和白居易的《问杨琼》。这里用杨琼代指自己的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/qinHRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/gre/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>情人。江陵旧事,指他们过去的情事。“何曾再问杨琼”,何曾即不曾,暗示不见HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/qinHRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/gre/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>情人的踪影。自己不停的奔波行役,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/qinHRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/gre/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>情人不见,只留下无穷的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yihen/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>遗恨,自己再也没有机会与HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/qinHRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/gre/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>情人一起HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/huiyi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>回忆过去的情事了。“旧曲HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/qiqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>凄清,敛愁黛,与谁听?”HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/huiyi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>回忆与HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xianshi2/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>现实交融在一起。旧曲,应该是词人与HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/qinHRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/gre/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>情人当时听到的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/gequ/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>歌曲,即是下文的“渭城曲”。HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/qiqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>凄清,悲怨。敛愁黛,因HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chouyuan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>愁怨而皱起黛眉。昔日HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/libie/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>离别时,你我共听HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/qiqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>凄清的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/libie/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>离别之曲,你听曲子时因HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chouyuan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>愁怨而敛眉的样子还在眼前,但是现在我与谁共听?旧曲,是诗人徘徊所闻,也因之想起以前已HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/qinHRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/gre/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>情人HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/fenbie/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>分别时的场景。既展示现在又HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/huiyi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>回忆过去,既再现了当日HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/qinHRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/gre/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>情人的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ganqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感情,也展示了自己的苦苦HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiangsi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>相思。“尊前HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/guren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>故人如在,想念我、最关情。”设想之辞。由自己设想对方的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ganqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感情。如柳永的《八声甘州》:“想佳人,妆楼颙望,误几回,天际识归舟。”也是运用的这种写法。尊前HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/guren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>故人,指上一次HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/fenbie/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>分别是黛眉敛起的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/qinHRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/gre/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>情人。关情,动情。词人由自身设想对方的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ganqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感情,自有词人的一份痴情在,也可画出HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/qinHRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/gre/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>情人对词人的深情,心心相印。但是这不过是词人的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiangxiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>想象罢了,现在词人HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/gudu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>孤独一人在河边徘徊,旧曲萦绕,、挥不去HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/qinHRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/gre/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>情人当时的样子。“何须《渭城》,歌声未尽处,先泪零。”这最后一句,很是巧妙,使人分不出是今日HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/libie/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>离别还是昔日HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/libie/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>离别,水乳交融。当日HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/libie/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>离别之时,与佳人共听凄曲,不待曲终,即已泪零;今日HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/libie/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>离别,又闻旧曲,不堪其情,潸然泪下。渭城之曲,即是过去同听,又是现在独闻;泪零既是当日HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/libie/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>离别之泪,又是今日HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiangsi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>相思之泪。今昔不分,亦今亦昔,感人至深。歌声未尽先已泪零,在曾经HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/libie/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>离别之地,对一个“倦寻路程”的人来说有多少HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shenshi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>身世之感,直是催人泪下。

  总之,这首词先写醉酒,然后由乍见津亭和败壁题词虚写HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/libie/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>离别,而后由思及HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/libie/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>离别而HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/tanxi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>叹息徘徊,上片写及HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/sinian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>思念但是HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ganqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感情想对疏缓;下片写出HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/sinian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>思念对象,自己和双方的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ganqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感情,以双双泪零作结,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ganqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感情达到高潮。最后一句亦今亦昔,很是巧妙。

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