蜀客到江南,长忆吴山好。吴蜀风流自古同,归去应须早。
还与去年人,共藉西湖草。莫惜尊前仔细看,应是容颜老。
词的上片写对杭州的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/huainian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>怀念。开端从自身宦游的行踪说起,并倾注了对杭州的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/huainian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>怀念之情:“蜀客到HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jiangnan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>江南,长忆吴HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山好。”“蜀客”,表明了客籍的身份。“HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jiangnan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>江南”、“吴HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山”,借指杭州,前者从地理位置说,后者则从HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shanshui/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山水HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/moijing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>美景说。“长忆”,是就行役在外而言,一个“好”字则概括了对杭州的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/zongti/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>总体印象。事实上,词人从熙宁四年(1071年)十一月到杭州通判任开始,就与杭州结下了不解之缘。他HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/zanmoi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>赞美“余杭自是HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shanshui/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山水窟”(《将之湖州戏赠莘老》),甚至说“HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/guxiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>故乡无此好湖HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山”(《六月二十七日望湖楼醉书五首》之五),他拿起多彩多姿的诗笔,尽情地HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/gesong/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>歌颂和描绘美丽的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xihu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>西湖HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风光,留下了《饮湖上初晴后HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雨二首》之二、《六月二十七日望湖楼醉书五首》之一、《有美堂暴HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雨》等精美的诗篇。因此,词人说他“长忆吴HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山好”,完全是出于真诚,虽然年近不惑,而不失其赤子之心。他又把吴、蜀作了比较,表达了早归的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yuanwang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>愿望:“吴蜀HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风流自古同,归去应须早。”所说的“归去”是指归杭州或是归HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/guxiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>故乡(蜀地),叙“自京口还钱塘道中”一语说得很清楚,当然是指眼前要去的目的地。既然“吴蜀HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风流自古同”,那么归吴(杭州)也就形同归蜀,与上文HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/huainian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>怀念杭州之意相承。
下片HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiangxiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>想象归后同游共饮的情景。过片承上“归去”句,展开了与陈襄同游HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xihu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>西湖的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiangxiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>想象:“还与去年人,共藉HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xihu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>西湖草。”两人坐在HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xihu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>西湖边碧绿的草地上,共赏大HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ziran/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>自然HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/moijing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>美景,这是富有诗意的赏心乐事。妙在词人不作平平叙写,而是将温馨的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/huiyi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>回忆与对未来的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiangxiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>想象“迭印”在一起,这就平添了诗的意蕴。两句既表达了HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/youqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>友情,又扣住杭州HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/moijing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>美景来写,与上文“吴HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山好”、“吴蜀HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风流”相照应。篇末两句进而HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiangxiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>想象共饮的情景,要HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/youren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>友人在HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yanhui/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>宴会上仔细看一下,怕是自己容颜变得衰老了。这两句扣合着自身行役在外、数月未归的经历,流露出HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/suiyue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>岁月流逝、HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jilu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>羁旅劳苦的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/gankai/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感慨。出语坦率而略带诙谐,这是真挚的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/youqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>友情一种HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ziran/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>自然的表露。