东南第一名州,西湖自古多佳丽。临堤台榭,画船楼阁,游人歌吹。十里荷花,三秋桂子,四山睛翠。使百年南渡,一时豪杰,都忘却、平生志。
可惜天旋时异,藉何人、雪当年耻。登临形胜,感伤今古,发挥英气。力士推山,天吴移水,作农桑地。借钱塘潮汐,为君洗尽,岳将军泪。
该词上片用柳永《望海潮·东南形胜》词意,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yongtan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>咏叹HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xihu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>西湖的繁华秀丽,从而过渡到慨叹南宋王朝一百多年妥协屈辱的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/lishi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>历史。HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/kaitou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>开头两句从宋仁宗的诗句脱化而来,由杭州在中国东南部的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/lishi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>历史地位,引出与杭州紧密相关的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xihu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>西湖的“多佳丽”。大处落笔扣题,很有气势。接着围绕“多佳丽”、“临堤台榭”六句作了具体的描绘。首先以HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jianzhu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>建筑的壮观,游船的美丽,游人的欢歌笑语HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xieren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>写人游之乐,展示出一派繁华景象;其次以荷HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花面积之广,桂HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花香味之浓,四周群HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山之青翠来突出湖HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jingse/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>景色之美。人为的与HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ziran/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>自然界的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jingwu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>景物相结合和映村,极富HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/difang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>地方特色地描绘出HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xihu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>西湖的热闹景象和诱人的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风光,真是名不虚传的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/youlan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>游览胜地。以此为衬笔,引出下文的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/gankai/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感慨之辞。虽然HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/youmoi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>优美的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/huguang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>湖光HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山色可供人HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/youshang2/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>游赏,使人快乐,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ganqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感情受到陶冶,却又带来了使人意想不到的副作用。“使百年南渡”四句,以“使”字领承上文,从其因果关系中,写出无数HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yingxiong/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>英雄豪杰沉溺在这种繁华、“佳丽”的欢乐之中,意志消沉,不图奋进,平生的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/haoqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>豪情HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/zhuangzhi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>壮志,早已消磨在享乐之中,最后导致被元人灭亡的悲惨结局。这种倒退的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/lishi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>历史现象,该是多么令人沉痛。作者借咏HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xihu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>西湖HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风光,站在HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/zhengzhi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>政治斗争的高度,总结出一条南宋HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/wangguo/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>亡国的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/lishi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>历史教训。这激起人们的深思,也表达作者对南宋王朝HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/zhengzhi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>政治腐败的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/fenhen/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>愤恨。
换头两句由HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/huaigu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>怀古转入HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shangjin/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>伤今。作者面对HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/wangguo/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>亡国HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xianshi2/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>现实,用“可惜”二字领起,显得HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xinqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>心情更为HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/beitong/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>悲痛。接着用反诘语调提出“藉何人HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雪当年耻”,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiwang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>希望能有人出来扭转乾坤。下文“登临形胜”三句,一方面将上片的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/huaigu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>怀古与下片的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shangjin/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>伤今联成一气;另一方面又用“发挥英气”将HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ganshang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感伤古今陡然煞住,为后面拓展新的词境留下余地。作者面对HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xihu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>西湖奇景忽发奇想,“力士推HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山”三句便表达他的强烈HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yuanwang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>愿望。过去HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xihu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>西湖被称作“销金锅”,达官贵人和地主豪绅在此寻欢作乐,把美丽的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xihu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>西湖搞得乌烟气。因此作者热烈HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/qiwang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>期望能有オ人出来“推HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山”、“移水”,铲除这块土地上集聚的罪恶,把它改造成农桑之地为群众造福。此用HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/langman/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>浪漫主义手法,寄HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiwang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>希望于力士神和天吴海神能为HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xianshi2/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>现实服务,把热烈的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/zhuiqiu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>追求变成超HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xianshi2/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>现实的神力,充分表达作者对HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/gaoshang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>高尚HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/lixiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>理想的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiangwang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>向往之情。不仅如此,在HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jiewei/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>结尾三句又遥应“藉何人HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雪当年耻”再作一设想,将满腔HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/beifen/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>悲愤化为大HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ziran/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>自然的伟力。还要借钱塘江潮荡涤污浊,用潮水洗尽岳飞的冤屈泪,彻底为岳飞报仇HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雪耻。表现出他对真正抗金的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/minzu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>民族HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yingxiong/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>英雄的崇敬,也HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiwang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>希望岳飞式的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yingxiong/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>英雄出来报国HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雪耻;而对那些忘却平生志的“一时豪杰”,又是鲜明的对照和HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chaofong/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>嘲讽。在此,作者爱谁、恨谁,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/songyang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>颂扬什么、抨击什么,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/zhengzhi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>政治HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/taidu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>态度是很明朗的,充分体现了他的正义感。以上六句写得气势磅礴,激荡人心,也深刻地HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jieshi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>揭示了HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/zhuti/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>主题,是全词的精华所在。
全词由HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/huaigu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>怀古到HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shangjin/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>伤今,由HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xianshi2/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>现实到HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/huanxiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>幻想,层层推进,最后露出精华部分,以HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/huanxiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>幻想点题,用心良苦,立意不凡。