临江仙·绿暗汀洲三月暮鉴赏

原文

绿暗汀洲三月暮,落花风静帆收。垂杨低映木兰舟。半篙春水滑,一段夕阳愁。

灞水桥东回首处,美人新上帘钩。青鸾无计入红楼。行云归楚峡,飞梦到扬州。

赏析

  这首词抒发了一个HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/youzi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>游子的旅愁和乡情,思绪绵绵不尽,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风韵清幽潇洒。

  上片HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiejing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>写景,景中含情。首句指明HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/didian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>地点,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shijian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>时间。HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/muchun/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>暮春时节,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ziran/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>自然使人升起一段因时序HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/bianhua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>变化而有的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chousi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>愁思。“绿暗”二字浓墨重彩勾画出“汀洲”的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jingse/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>景色。这一句展开了一幅岸渚沉寂,芳草萋迷的画面。接着点染岸边近景;HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风已平静,落HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花满地,船帆暂卷,岸边株株垂HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yangliu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>杨柳,水边只只横斜的木兰舟。在木兰HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/zhouzhong/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>舟中,所载着的是一位萍踪无定的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/youzi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>游子。面对这般春深之景,这位HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/youzi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>游子的感受是“半篙春水滑,一段HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiyang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>夕阳愁”。江中春水方生,行船流利,故日“滑”;HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiyang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>夕阳西下,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/youzi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>游子未归,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chujingshengqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>触景生情,故而生愁。半篙春水,一段愁情,亦有将愁比作春水之意。这里用HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jingwu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>景物衬托HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/youzi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>游子含愁的形象。整个上片,由背景引出HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/renwu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>人物,由远景写到近景,由HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiejing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>写景过渡到写情。在HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiejing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>写景中,着重摄取“绿暗”、“垂杨”、“HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiyang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>夕阳”略带有HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiaose/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>萧瑟的物象;静HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风、落HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花、HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/muchun/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>暮春,皆寂静迟暮的物象,烘托HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chuyou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>出游子旅愁的沉重。

  上片由春暮带出落HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花,由落HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花引出HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风静,由HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风静引出落帆。由落帆写到木兰舟,最后写到HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/youzi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>游子之愁,环环相扣,在意象上一气呵成。下片则是写“愁”的生发和具体化。灞水桥,是HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/libie/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>离别之所,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/youzi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>游子想到了灞桥HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/fenbie/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>分别,万分HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/gankai/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感慨。灞桥上的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yangliu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>杨柳年年不知有多少被折下,却无法使要远离的人留下,越想越难过。回望红楼,仍见HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/moiren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>美人正卷帘伫望;如今泊舟江渚,怀想佳人的凝望与容颜,已很模糊,真HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiwang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>希望西王母身边的青HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/niao/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>鸟代为传信,可是蓬莱路远,无计可通。“青鸾无计入红楼”,这又多令人心烦意乱,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chouchang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>惆怅满腹。“青鸾”一句,对HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/youzi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>游子愁的内涵和来由,略略一点。这个HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/youzi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>游子不仅有江湖HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/piaobo/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>漂泊之感,且有HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/sinian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>思念HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/qinHRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/gre/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>情人之愁,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xinqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>心情的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/changwang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>怅惘HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jiliao/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>寂寥可想而知。于是,这HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/piaobo/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>漂泊的旅愁于HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/youzi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>游子心中激起点点涟漪,绵绵遐思;HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/mianhuai/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>缅怀消逝的过去,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chongjing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>憧憬HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/moihao/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>美好的未来。

  “行云”句暗用巫HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山神女的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/gushi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>故事。还用行云归楚峡喻往昔HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ganqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感情的消逝。然而,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/youzi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>游子不会让它就这样溜走,心中还是想把握这段HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ganqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感情的,所以他HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiwang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>希望“飞梦到扬州”。这里暗用杜牧的诗句:“春HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风十里扬州路,卷上珠帘总不如。”扬州,也是虚指冶游之地。既不能忘情,故求之于梦。梦是可以超越时空局限的,而HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/youzi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>游子HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/buman/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>不满足于一般的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/mengyou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>梦游,而是飞梦,可见其HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/sinian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>思念佳人之心有多急迫。

  下片承上片由“愁”展开,因愁而忆,因忆而HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/siren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>思人,梦中求人,写出心中一段缱绻之情。

  这首词明丽妩媚,颇能反映“词为艳科”的传统HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风貌。全篇由景到情,由描写环境到HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/renwu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>人物HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xinqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>心情的刻画。词意连续,笔墨潇洒,余韵不尽。

返回