梨花淡白柳深青,柳絮飞时花满城。
惆怅东栏一株雪,人生看得几清明。
《东栏梨HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花》是一首HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ganshang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感伤的诗,诗人因为梨HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花盛开而HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/gantan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感叹HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shiguang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>时光的流逝。这首诗抒发了诗人HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/gantan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感叹HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chunguang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>春光易逝、HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/rensheng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>人生短促的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/aichou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>哀愁,也抒发了诗人淡看HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/rensheng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>人生、从HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shiyi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>失意中得到解脱的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/sixiang2/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>思想,寄予了作者自己清正坦荡的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风骨。
首句以“淡白”状梨HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花,以深青状柳叶,以柳青衬梨白,可谓是一青二白。梨HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花的淡白,柳的深青,这一对比,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jingse/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>景色立刻就鲜活了,再加上第二句的动态描写:满城飞舞的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/liuxu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>柳絮,真是“春HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风不解禁杨HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花,蒙蒙乱扑行人面”,同时HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/liuxu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>柳絮写出梨HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花盛开的季节,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chunyi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>春意之浓,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chunchou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>春愁之深,更加烘托出来。
前两句以一青二白,突出了梨HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花的特点。它不妖艳,也不轻狂的神态,又在第三句“一株HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雪”里再次赋予梨HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花以神韵,并把咏梨HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花与自咏结合了起来。其实,这“一株HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雪”正是诗人自己的化身。因为苏轼一生正道直行,清廉洁白,坦荡如砥。在咏梨HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花时,苏轼用了“HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/liuxu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>柳絮飞时HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花满城”来加以衬托,梨HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花既不像“颠狂HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/liuxu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>柳絮随HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风去”,也不像“轻薄桃HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花逐水流”,其HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/pinge/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>品格是何其HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/gaoshang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>高尚的。诗人还用了“HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/rensheng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>人生看得几清明”来加以侧面烘托梨HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花之“清明”。“一株HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雪”和“几清明”是对偶的写法,一不是指有一株梨树,而是指一株梨树一个作者自己,后两句HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yijing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>意境如下:作者HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chouchang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>惆怅的站在东栏旁,梨树上满是白色的梨HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花,同时HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/liuxu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>柳絮在飘,落在作者身上,作者也变成了“一株HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雪”,写的是HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/qiqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>凄清HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chouchang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>惆怅的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yijing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>意境,最后一句,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/rensheng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>人生看得几清明,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/rensheng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>人生能有几次清明,这是补足前句“HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chouchang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>惆怅”的内容,更增添HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/beiliang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>悲凉的气氛。苏轼的诗,一向以HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/haofang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>豪放著称,像这样HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/beiliang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>悲凉的很是少见。
《东栏梨HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花》的最后两句化用了唐代诗人杜牧的《初冬夜饮》“砌下梨HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花一堆HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雪,明年谁此凭栏杆”。杜牧的诗说的是物是人非的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/gankai/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感慨,而苏东坡的诗HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/gankai/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感慨的是HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/rensheng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>人生的短促。