荆蛮非我乡,何为久滞淫。
方舟泝大江,日暮愁我心。
山冈有余映,岩阿增重阴。
狐狸驰赴穴,飞鸟翔故林。
流波激清响,猴猿临岸吟。
迅风拂裳袂,白露沾衣襟。
独夜不能寐,摄衣起抚琴。
丝桐感人情,为我发悲音。
羁旅无终极,忧思壮难任。
“荆蛮”四句HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xioshi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>写诗人久客荆州的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/kumen/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>苦闷和日暮HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chengchuan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>乘船泛江时所引起的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/sixiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>思乡之情。起句自问,喷射出强烈的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ganqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感情,直抒久留荆州的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yuanfen/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>怨愤。为销愁HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chengchuan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>乘船泛江散心,不想销愁愁更愁。江上日落余辉,并船逆流而上,引起诗人HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/sixiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>思乡怀归的无限HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/youchou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>忧愁。“愁”字虚笼全篇,诗篇始终处于这HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/beichou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>悲愁的氛围之中。
“HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山冈”以下八句写日暮时的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ziran/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>自然HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jingse/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>景色,抒发诗人HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/sigui/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>思归的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/qiku/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>凄苦之情。诗人摄下了落日西沉时大HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ziran/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>自然姿态的倏忽HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/bianhua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>变化:HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山脊之上犹存HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiyang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>夕阳余辉,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山谷本来就很阴暗,天将晚则更显得阴暗幽深。起两句写了HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山色秀拔,给人以清新之感;又因日将西落,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山谷愈暗,造成了一种HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/qiqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>凄清气氛。这两句取《HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chuci/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>楚辞·哀郢》“HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/niao/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>鸟飞还HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/guxiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>故乡兮,狐死必首丘”之意。日暮时刻,狐狸归穴,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/niao/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>鸟下窠巢。狐狸和飞HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/niao/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>鸟尚且HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/sigui/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>思归自己的穴巢,何况于人。“流波激情响,猴猿临岸吟。”湍急的江流声浪激越,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山上的猴猿在岸边凄厉嘶叫,气氛越发HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/qiliang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>凄凉。迅疾的江HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风吹动着衣袖,阴凉的露水沾湿衣裳。诗句点明秋季。秋HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiaose/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>萧瑟迅猛,白露阴寒湿衣,气氛更为阴冷。以上八句诗人用寒HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/qiuri/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>秋日暮、荒江的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jimo/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>寂寞、HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/qiliang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>凄凉的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jingse/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>景色,来映衬自己内心HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/sixiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>思乡念归的悲凄。情动于中而发于景,景见真情而感人。对仗HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/youmoi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>优美,音韵和谐,节奏感强烈,读来十分流畅。这样的例子古诗里固然少见,在建安诗里也是极少的。它已经突破了汉诗古朴浑厚的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风格,下开两晋南朝HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风气了。
“独夜”以下六句,由HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiejing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>写景转入集中HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shuqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>抒情,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xioshi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>写诗人夜不能眠HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yousi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>忧思难忍的情状。HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jilu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>羁旅之客难以返归,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chousi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>愁思不绝,夜不能眠。由“不能寐”而“摄衣起抚琴”,暗示着一种烦忧的过程。接下两句,诗人以HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/niren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>拟人手法赋物以人的情感,借以衬托、强化HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/sigui/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>思归HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ganshang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感伤之情。琴也通晓人的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xinqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>心情,为诗人的不幸而哀鸣。这“悲音”体现了诗人无处寄托又无从宣泄的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/aichou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>哀愁。通过物之情表现人之情,这是传统诗歌中常用而又精巧的描写手法。最后两句HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/beifen/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>悲愤低沉,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/aiyuan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>哀怨不绝。寄居HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/taxiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>他乡永无尽头,沉重HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/youshang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>忧伤难以承担。这HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/beifen/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>悲愤的结句同扣篇首诗句,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/aiyuan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>哀怨之情直露,毫不掩饰HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chousi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>愁思深重的离人形象,令人黯然神伤。
王粲久留荆州,不得舒展大志,此时此地,他忧多、愁多、HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/fenmen/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>愤懑多。这首诗抒发了他的沉痛之情,也是诗人HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/zhengzhi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>政治HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/lixiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>理想不能实现、个人HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/baofu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>抱负无从施展的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/youfen/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>忧愤HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xinqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>心情的流泻。诗中具有相当强烈的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ganqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感情色彩的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jingwu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>景物描写,增添了抒写HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/sigui/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>思归之情的浓郁效果。