天时人事日相催,冬至阳生春又来。
刺绣五纹添弱线,吹葭六琯动浮灰。
岸容待腊将舒柳,山意冲寒欲放梅。
云物不殊乡国异,教儿且覆掌中杯。
由于HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/dongzhi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>冬至特定的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jieqi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>节气和HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ziran/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>自然环境,诗人墨客们都会HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/gantan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感叹HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shiguang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>时光与HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/rensheng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>人生,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/gantan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感叹岁末与寒冬,讴歌HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/dongzhi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>冬至节。诗圣杜甫《小至》诗中的“小至”,是指HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/dongzhi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>冬至日的第二天(一说前一天)。
《小至》写HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/dongzhi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>冬至前后的时令HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/bianhua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>变化,不仅用刺绣添线写出了白昼增长,还用河边HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/liushu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>柳树即将泛绿,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山上梅HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花冲寒欲放,生动地写出了HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/dongtian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>冬天里孕育着HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chuntian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>春天的景象。诗的末二句写他由眼前HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jingwu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>景物唤起了对HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/guxiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>故乡的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/huiyi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>回忆。虽然身处HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yixiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>异乡,但云物不殊,所以诗人教儿斟酒,举杯痛饮。这举动HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/heshi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>和诗中写HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/dongtian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>冬天里孕育着HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chuntian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>春天气氛的基调是一致的,都反映出诗人难得的舒适HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xinqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>心情。
全诗紧紧围绕“小至”的时令,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xushi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>叙事、HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiejing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>写景、抒感,充满着浓厚的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shenghuo/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>生活情趣,切而不泛。开篇二句:“天时HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/renshi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>人事日相催,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/dongzhi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>冬至阳生春又来”,是说HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/dongzhi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>冬至后白昼渐长,阳气渐舒,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/dongzhi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>冬至既到,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chuntian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>春天也就不远了。作者以HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yongtan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>咏叹笔调点明“阳生春来”与HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/dongzhi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>冬至的诗题紧扣,作为总起。中间两联:“刺绣五纹添弱线,吹葭六管动飞灰。岸容待腊将舒柳,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山意冲寒欲放梅”,是分承:颔联,直承首联“HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/dongzhi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>冬至”的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ziran/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>自然节令特征;颈联,直承冬去春来的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jingwu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>景物特征;最后是尾联:“云物不殊乡国异,教儿且覆掌中杯”,它以HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shuqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>抒情作结。在这无可奈何的情景下,就让儿子取酒来尽饮吧!“事”、“景”、“感”三者烘托,从中可HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ziran/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>自然地悟出诗人写的只能是“小至”时令,而断非其他什么节候,这正是诗人感受敏锐,立意高远,选材典型,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/reai/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>热爱HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shenghuo/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>生活的不俗体现,正是:“莫思身外无穷事,且尽生前有限杯”了。