芳草碧色,萋萋遍南陌。暖絮乱红,也知人、春愁无力。忆得盈盈拾翠侣,共携赏、凤城寒食。到今来,海角逢春,天涯为客。
愁旋释。还似织。泪暗拭。又偷滴。谩伫立、遍倚危阑,尽黄昏,也只是、暮云凝碧。拚则而今已拚了,忘则怎生便忘得。又还问鳞鸿,试重寻消息。
这是一首HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shangchun/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>伤春词,写天涯倦客春日依栏HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/huairen/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>怀人之情。词人HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/piaobo/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>漂泊遥远异地,突然看到一片HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chunse/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>春色,不禁忆起过去曾发生过的令人难忘的春梦HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/wangshi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>往事,尽管已时过境迁,但衷情难忘,春梦常伴在自己的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shenghuo/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>生活中。词的上片HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiohai/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>写海角HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chunchou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>春愁,下片写依栏盼音。
上片“芳草”二句写泛观南陌。“芳草”即芳春时节HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yuanyo/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>原野上的野草。诗人词客常以草喻HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/liqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>离情。如李煜《清平乐》:“HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/lihen/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>离恨恰如春草,更行更远还生。”这里是用“芳草碧色”,写HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chunyi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>春意之浓;写萋萋芳草,绿遍南野,喻HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chunchou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>春愁之深。接着“暖絮”二句,写絮飞HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花落,惹人HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chousi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>愁思。“暖絮”,写杨HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花的轻飞,“乱红”,惜落HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花的飘零。这些都无力自主,均随HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/muchun/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>暮春之HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风摆弄。这里本属“人知HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花”,即落HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/liuxu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>柳絮撩人HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chunchou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>春愁;而偏说“HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花知人”,即HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花絮知人HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chunchou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>春愁。这就足见词人的“HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chunchou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>春愁”,无人告慰。这样写不仅摒弃了落HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/liuxu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>柳絮引人愁的老套,而且写出物我同感的效果。“忆得”二句转入HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/huiyi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>回忆,“盈盈”,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/moihao/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>美好的样子。多指人的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风姿仪态。“拾翠”,指拾取翠HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/niao/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>鸟的羽毛以为首饰,后以指HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/funu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>妇女春日嬉游的景象。“凤城”,旧时京都的别称,谓HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/diwang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>帝王所居之城,此指汴京开封。“寒食”,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hanshijie/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>寒食节在清明前一二天,相传起于晋文公HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/daonian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>悼念介之推一事,因介之推抱树就焚致死,故定于此日禁火吃冷食。这两句是词人HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/huiyi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>回忆往日的欢娱,写一位曾一起HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/taqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>踏青拾翠的,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风姿俏丽的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/nuzi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>女子,是多么令人羡慕;寒食清明HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jieri/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>节日,携手共赏凤城HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chunse/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>春色,又是多么令人神往。再接着“到今来”三句,写如今这一切像春梦般地烟消云散了,在遥远的异地,长期在外疲劳HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yanjuan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>厌倦的客子,在忆着这恍如昨日的春梦,多么令人伤心。词情一落千丈,一下子由HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/moihao/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>美好的境界,跌落到HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/gudu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>孤独HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chouchang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>惆怅的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xianshi2/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>现实HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shenghuo/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>生活中来。
词的过片“愁旋释”四句,写“倦客”的情状。愁情刚刚释去,可又像乱麻似的织成一片愁网。眼泪才暗暗拭去,却又偷偷地流下来。“谩伫立”四句,写“倦客”的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/gudan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>孤单。“谩”,徒也,空也。即空自倚遍危栏,向意中人所在方向凝望,尽管磨蹭到天已HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/huanghun/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>黄昏,但展现眼前的也只是凝贴碧空的暮云朵朵,佳人仍不见到来。“拚则”二句,“拚”,舍弃,今口语“豁着”最是此意。这两句说要拼命舍弃的均拚命舍弃了,但要忘却的却怎么也忘却不了。充分HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jieshi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>揭示了词人欲罢不能的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/tongku/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>痛苦的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xinqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>心情。词末“又还”两句,写“倦客”的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiwang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>希望。既不能忘记,便再问鱼雁传书,试着再寻佳人的消息。“鳞鸿”即鱼雁。古有鸿雁寄信、鲤鱼传书之说,常借鱼雁以代书札。