满江红·金陵乌衣园鉴赏

原文

柳带榆钱,又还过、清明寒食。天一笑、浦园罗绮,满城箫笛。花树得睛红欲染,远山过雨青如滴。问江南池馆有谁来?江南客。

乌衣巷,今犹昔。乌衣事,今难觅。但年年燕子,晚烟斜日。抖擞一春尘土债,悲凉万古英雄迹。且芳尊随分趁芳时,休虚掷。

赏析

  这首词为感愤HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shishi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>时事之作。全词绘景、HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/diaogu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>吊古、HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shuqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>抒情,逐层叙写,一气贯穿,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ziran/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>自然浑成。

  上片侧重HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiejing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>写景,景中含情,其中“满园罗绮,满城箫笛”的热闹场景与“HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花树得晴红欲染,远HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山过HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雨青如滴”的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/moihao/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>美好景致,皆足以动人游兴,让人兴奋,但却与宦途不顺的吴氏HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiongdi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>兄弟的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yumen/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>郁闷HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xinqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>心情不相协调,反而引出了他们的客居之愁。前两句写乌衣园及金陵城内游人如织的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shangchun2/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>赏春盛事,后两句对仗工整,将此时节的美丽HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风景描绘得尤为绘声绘色。“问HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jiangnan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>江南、池馆有谁来?HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jiangnan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>江南客。”在这乌衣园内的池阁馆榭间游玩的是些什么人呢?其中就有我这来自HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jiangnan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>江南的游客。上片结句以一问答引出自己客中HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/youyuan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>游园的身份,乐尽悲续,引起下片的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shenshi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>身世之慨。

  下片转入HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/huaigu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>怀古HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shuqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>抒情,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yumen/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>郁闷之情贯穿全篇。“乌衣巷,今犹昔。乌衣事,今难觅。”两句以“乌衣”并提,但巷犹昔,事难觅,对比十分鲜明。王谢的德行已成HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/lishi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>历史,不复存在,所以难觅。来到此地,只见小巷依然,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chujingshengqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>触景生情。“但年年HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yanzi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>燕子,晚烟斜日。”只有春来秋去的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yanzi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>燕子年年来此HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/pingdiao/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>凭吊一番,“晚烟斜日”景象何其萧条。HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yanzi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>燕子当年经历过乌衣园的繁盛,如今又看到它的冷落,作者的今昔之感借HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yanzi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>燕子作了具体呈现。这里化用刘禹锡《乌衣巷》“旧时王谢堂前燕,飞入寻常HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/baixing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>百姓家”的诗句,但用意不同。刘诗旨在奚落、HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/fongci/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>讽刺,这里是景仰、HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/huainian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>怀念。“抖擞一春尘土债,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/beiliang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>悲凉万古HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yingxiong/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>英雄迹。”语出辛弃疾《沁园春·和吴子似县尉》词中“直须抖擞尘埃”句。“这里“尘土债”与“HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yingxiong/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>英雄迹”对照,显示了自己及其兄多少沉沦下僚、尘驱物役的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/kumen/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>苦闷和HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/fenkai/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>愤慨;“HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yingxiong/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>英雄”二字显示出HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiongdi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>兄弟二人不同于那些“戚戚于贫贱,汲汲于富贵”的世俗之人,他们HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/beifen/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>悲愤的是HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/zhuangzhinanchou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/zhuangzhi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>壮志难酬,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/zhuiqiu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>追求的是干一番惊天动地的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yingxiong/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>英雄事业。此二句将HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/huaigu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>怀古之情拍合到自身的宦海沉浮之感中。“HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风流总被HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雨打HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风吹去”,多少HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yingxiong/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>英雄业绩俱已成为过眼烟云,又不禁心生HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/beiliang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>悲凉。这两句把这种HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/sixiang2/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>思想HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ganqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感情的曲折表现。“且芳尊随分趁芳时,休虚掷。”HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ganqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感情并非HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiaoji/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>消极低沉,而是故作反语,表现自己济时报国的“HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yingxiong/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>英雄”事业难以实现的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/beifen/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>悲愤。这正言若反手法的运用,使得全词的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ganqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感情更显沉郁凄劲。

  词有沉郁顿挫之致,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ganqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感情的抒发由隐到显,诼弗展开。含蕴深远。颇耐人寻昧。笔调洒脱凝重,与辛词HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风格相近。

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