扬子江头杨柳春,杨花愁杀渡江人。
数声风笛离亭晚,君向潇湘我向秦。
晚唐绝句自杜牧、李商隐以后,单纯HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yilun/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>议论之HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风渐炽,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shuqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>抒情性、形象性和HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yinle/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>音乐性都大为减弱。而郑谷的这首七绝则仍然保持了长于HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shuqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>抒情、富于HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风韵的特点。
“扬子江头HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yangliu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>杨柳春,杨HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花愁杀HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/dujiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>渡江人。”一、二两句HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jijing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>即景HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shuqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>抒情,点醒HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/bieli/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>别离,写得潇洒不着力,读来别具一种天然的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风韵。画面很疏朗,淡淡几笔,像一幅清新秀雅的水墨画。景中HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yuqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>寓情,富于含蕴。依依袅袅的柳丝,牵曳着彼此依依HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xibie/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>惜别的深情,唤起一种“柳丝长,玉骢难系”的伤离意绪;蒙蒙飘荡的杨HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花,惹动着双方缭乱不宁的离绪,勾起天涯HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jilu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>羁旅的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/piaobo/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>漂泊之感。HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/moihao/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>美好的江头柳色,宜人HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chunguang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>春光,在这里恰恰成了HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/liqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>离情别绪的触媒,所以说“愁杀HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/dujiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>渡江人”。诗人用淡墨点染HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jingse/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>景色,用重笔抒写HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chouxu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>愁绪,初看似不甚协调,细味方感到二者的和谐统一。两句中“扬子江头”、“HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yangliu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>杨柳春”、“杨HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花”等同音字的有意重复,构成了一种既轻爽流利,又回环往复,富于情韵美的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风调,使人读来既感到HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ganqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感情的深永,又不显得过于沉重与HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shanggan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>伤感。次句虽单提“HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/dujiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>渡江人”,但彼此HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jilu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>羁旅HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/piaobo/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>漂泊,南北乖离,君愁吾亦愁,原是不言自明的。
“数声HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风笛离亭晚,君向潇湘我向秦。”三、四两句,从江头HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jingse/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>景色收转到离亭别宴,正面抒写握别时情景。驿亭宴别,酒酣情浓,席间吹奏起了HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/qiqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>凄清怨慕的笛曲。HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jijing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>即景HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shuqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>抒情,所奏的也许正是象征着HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/bieli/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>别离的《折HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yangliu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>杨柳》。这笛声正倾诉出彼此的离衷,使两位即将HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/fenshou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>分手的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/youren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>友人耳接神驰,默默相对,思绪萦绕,随HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风远扬。离笛声中,天色仿佛不知不觉地暗了下来,握别的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shijian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>时间到了。两位HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/pengyou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>朋友在沉沉暮霭中互道珍重,各奔前程——“君向潇湘我向秦”。诗到这里,突然停止,富有韵味。
这首诗有一个别开生面和富于情韵的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jiewei/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>结尾,使得它受到较高的评价。表面上看,末句只是交待各自行程的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xushu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>叙述语,既乏HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yuqingyujing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yuqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>寓情于景的描写,也无一唱三叹的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shuqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>抒情,实际上诗的深长韵味恰恰就蕴含在这貌似朴直的不结之结当中。由于前面已通过江头HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chunse/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>春色、杨HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花柳丝、离亭宴饯、HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风笛暮霭等一HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xilie/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>系列物象情景对HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/liqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>离情进行反复渲染,结句的截然而止,在反激与对照中愈益显出其内涵的丰富。临歧握别的黯然伤魂,各向天涯的无限HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chouxu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>愁绪,南北异途的深长HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/sinian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>思念,乃至漫长旅程中的无边HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jimo/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>寂寞,都在这不言中得到充分的表达。“君”“我”对举,“向”字重叠,更使得这句诗增添了HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yongtan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>咏叹的情味。