蝶恋花·几许伤春春复暮鉴赏

原文

几许伤春春复暮。杨柳清阴,偏碍游丝度。天际小山桃叶步。白头花满湔裙处。

竟日微吟长短句。帘影灯昏,心寄胡琴语。数点雨声风约住。朦胧淡月云来去。

赏析

  这是一首HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shangchun/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>伤春HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/huairen/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>怀人之作。上片写HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/muchun/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>暮春之景。HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shangchun/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>伤春偏逢春暮,浓密的柳荫,已阻碍了游丝的飞度,游丝这里喻指HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiangsi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>相思心绪。桃HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花渡口、开满白蓣HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花的水边,那正是两人HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/fenshou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>分手的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/difang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>地方。下片抒写HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiangsi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>相思之情。终日枯坐,难觅佳句,缭乱胡琴,夹杂HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雨,长夜不成眠,惟有淡月相伴。

  开篇词人即点明时令及自己的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xinqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>心情,为全词奠定了HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/youshang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>忧伤的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ganqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感情基调。HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/muchun/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>暮春时节是多愁之人最难度过的时段之一,正是“HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xichun/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>惜春长怕HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花开早,何况落红无数”(辛弃疾《摸鱼儿·更能消几番HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雨》)。伤心人对伤心景,难免更增几分烦恼。于是见HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yangliu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>杨柳柔条上缠绕着的几缕游丝,也会生出几许嗔怪,全忘了柳阴清凉的好处。“偏”字把词人如游丝般浮动的烦恼意绪巧妙地寄寓在HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ziran/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>自然HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jingwu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>景物之中,是传神之笔。

  “天际”二句,抒发了词人对HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/lianren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>恋人的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/sinian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>思念。这两句写天边的小HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山触发了词人的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/qingsi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>情思,同想起与HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/lianren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>恋人间发生的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/gushi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>故事。满怀着王献之对待爱妾桃叶般的深情,望着眼前铺满水面的白藏HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花,他的脑海中呈现出昔时上巳之日HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/lianren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>恋人水边湔裙的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/moihao/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>美好情景。那时的大好HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chunguang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>春光和HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yuyue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>愉悦的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xinqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>心情是植根于词人心中的珍贵HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/huiyi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>回忆,其情其景与下阌词人HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ganshang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感伤春暮的情绪形成了鲜明对比。

  上片眼前之景与旧日之事的巧妙融合,把词人多情善感的心绪及对HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/lianren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>恋人无处不在的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/sinian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>思念细腻地呈现在读者的面前。“桃叶步”HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/diangu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>典故的运用尤佳,今古相融、虚实相生中,巧妙而又含蓄。

  下片“竞日”三句,词人把春日的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ganshang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感伤、HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiangsi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>相思的煎熬都寄托在了HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/youshang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>忧伤的小词和HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/qiku/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>凄苦的胡琴声中。“竞日微吟”道出了愁情的悠远绵长。而当夜幕降临,伴着昏暗的孤灯和偶随HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风动的帘影,词人的心事逐渐凝重,胡琴如怨如慕的呜咽与敲窗的暮HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雨正是他心中HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chousi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>愁思无言的诉说。至此,全词的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ganqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感情达到高潮,最为动人。末二句HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ganqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感情色彩由浓变淡。当清HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风送走凄HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雨,流云掩映淡月,作者的愁情也随着HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jingwu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>景物的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/bianhua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>变化呈现出月华般的朦胧与苍茫。HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jiewei/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>结尾二句,语虽淡而饶富情味,让人陷入一片清愁之中。

  此词HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiejing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>写景、HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xushi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>叙事,把由日及夜所见之景、所做之事,与旧日之事和HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shangchun/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>伤春之情、HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiangsi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>相思之苦相结合,跳跃的诗思中蕴涵着清新平淡的韵味和真挚深刻的情感,表达含蓄而见波澜,其HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jiqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>寄情之景语尤其值得品读。贺铸词多浓艳之语,多慷慨之词,而这首小词颇显清新淡雅,这正说明作者HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风格的多样性。

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