相逢唤醒京华梦,吴尘暗斑吟发。倚担评花,认旗沽酒,历历行歌奇迹。吹香弄碧,有坡柳风情,逋梅月色。画鼓红船,满湖春水断桥客。
当时何限俊侣,甚花天月地,人被云隔。却载苍烟,更招白鹭,一醉修江又别。今回记得。再折柳穿鱼,赏梅催雪。如此湖山,忍教人更说。
此词开篇写“相逢”,相逢应该有很多话可说,很多事可忆,然而是“唤醒京华梦”。在战后的京华梦,当指故朝南宋的京都HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shenghuo/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>生活。京华梦醒,“吴尘暗斑吟发”。这两句,饱含词人的沧桑之慨。以下作具体抒写。“倚担”三句,写了三件令人难以忘怀的趣事:一是“倚担评HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花”。宋代的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/fengsu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风俗是人皆不戴HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花,而挑担卖HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花者亦众。当时倚靠HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花担,品评着各色鲜HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花,一种HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风流趣事。二是“认旗沽酒”。游兴既高,自当有美酒助兴,觅酒家畅饮,十分HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风流洒脱。三是“行歌奇迹”。一边HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/youshang2/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>游赏,一边吟诗,江HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山处处留足迹,也是HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风流HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xianya/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>闲雅。“历历”表明一切游乐情事都历历如昨。接着由杭州HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jingse/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>景色转写HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xihu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>西湖胜景。“吹香弄碧”句先总写。作者不直接写HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花草树木,而先写其色彩与香味,便已画出一幅HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花团成阵,绿树成行的绚丽HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chunjing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>春景图,吹、弄二字表意准确而形象,和煦的春HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风吹来阵阵香气在人们面前展现出一派生机勃勃的景象。“坡柳”典出自苏东坡。苏轼曾两度出任杭州HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/difang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>地方长官,写出了古今传诵的吟咏HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xihu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>西湖的名作,并曾于HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xihu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>西湖筑堤名为“苏堤”。“夹道杂植HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花柳,中为六桥九亭”说的就是苏堤HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jingse/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>景色。“坡柳”依依,写苏堤HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风光旖旎,承上“弄碧”。林逋长住于HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xihu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>西湖孤HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山,酷嗜梅HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花,并写出了脍炙人口的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yongmei/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>咏梅名篇。“逋梅”之典盖由其传出。词人在“吹香弄碧”的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jingwu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>景物中特地拈出坡柳、逋梅,使如画的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xihu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>西湖HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风光更富于浓郁的诗意,在HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/liushu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>柳树、梅HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花和HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yuese/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>月色中,都融进了诗人的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jingshen/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>精神与HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风度。“画鼓”二句由岸上转写水面。春游时人头簇动,画楫船坊,栉次鳞比,箫鼓动地。“画鼓红船,满湖春水断桥客”,正是对这种盛况的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yishu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>艺术概括。
上片写杭州和HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xihu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>西湖HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jingse/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>景色,下片笔锋转向HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/renshi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>人事。
“当时”二字点明HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/gushi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>故事为HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/huiyi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>回忆,表明一种时态。此后虽然HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jiangnan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>江南之地,依旧HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jingwu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>景物宜人,但时局已换,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/youren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>友人一个个HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风流云散。“HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花天月地,人被云隔”两句以一“甚”字领起怅怨之情油然而生。“却载”二字由“当时”写到眼前:在HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/guopojiawang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>国破家亡之际,只得过一种苍烟为伴、鸥鹭为友的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yinju/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>隐居HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shenghuo/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>生活。以“却”字表明HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shenghuo/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>生活境遇的转折,“更”字则是推进一层。欣逢HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/guren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>故人,举怀畅饮,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/zhuihuai/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>追怀HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/wangshi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>往事,然而转眼之间又要在HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/changjiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>长江边上HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/fenshou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>分手了,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/liulian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>留恋之情引发HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/beishang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>悲伤之感。以“又别”二字点题,并慨叹这次HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiangju/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>相聚何其短暂。“今回”三句,推想别后之事。词人推想“坡柳HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风情,逋梅HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yuese/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>月色”的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xihu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>西湖胜景,在战后应还会依旧。在此一别,词人HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiwang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>希望HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/youren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>友人不要忘记去“HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/zheliu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>折柳穿鱼、赏梅摧HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雪”。“如此”二句看似平淡,却含有无限HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/beiliang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>悲凉,蕴含着一种HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xingwang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>兴亡之感和家国之恨。
这是一首内涵十分丰富的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/songbie/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>送别词,决非一般HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/liqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>离情所能概括得了的。词人把依依HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xibie/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>惜别之情和HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/guguo/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>故国之思、HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xingwang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>兴亡之叹熔铸于一炉,浑然一体。