年高雪满簪,唤渡浙江浔。
花落一杯酒,月明千里心。
凤凰身宇宙,麋鹿性山林。
别后空回首,冥冥烟树深。
首联切合题目,写HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/youren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>友人的形象和HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/songbie/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>送别的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/didian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>地点。HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/youren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>友人年事已高,满头如HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雪的白发,是一位皤然老叟。HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/youren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>友人归去,取道水路,送行的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/didian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>地点是在浙HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jiangbian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>江边,这两句各自构成一幅HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jiandan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>简单的画面,迎HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风飘拂的白发和烟水迷离的江面互相映衬,显出一种HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/beiliang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>悲凉的气氛。
颔联作为首联的补充,点明HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/songbie/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>送别的时节和情景,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/muchun/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>暮春时节,群芳凋零。HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花落HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花飞,红消香断,诗人本已HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/gankai/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感慨丛生,更何况在此落HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花时节,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/youren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>友人要千里归去。与HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/youren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>友人就此握别,何日HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/zhongfeng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>重逢,能否再见,均未可卜,此情此景,令人黯然神伤。只有这临别的一杯酒,也许能略壮行色,并可将恼人的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/lichou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>离愁别绪冲淡些。对句即从眼前实景推开一层,虚写HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shuqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>抒情,是HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/quanwei/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>劝慰HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/pengyou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>朋友,也聊以自慰,不要为HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/bieli/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>别离过分HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ganshang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感伤,虽相隔千里。也可以共享皎洁的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yueguang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>月光。语出谢庄《月赋》:“HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/moiren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>美人迈兮音尘阙,隔千里兮共HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/mingyue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>明月。”与苏轼“但愿人长久,千里共婵娟”同意。一二两联多系实写,故颈联纯从虚处着笔,避免了文情的板滞。这一联以两个精整的对句,写HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/youren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>友人、也是自己的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/baofu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>抱负和志趣。诗人HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/songbie/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>送别的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/youren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>友人是谁,这位HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/youren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>友人的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xingge/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>性格节操以及千里归去的缘由,一二联均阚而未提,但从作者HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/songbie/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>送别的深情厚谊,隐然可见这位HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/pengyou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>朋友的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/gaoshang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>高尚HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/renge/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>人格。这两句便点明HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/youren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>友人此行是HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/guiyin/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>归隐HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山林,因而可以推测这首诗写作的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shijian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>时间当在宋亡以后。上句以《庄子》中背负青天高飞九万里的大鹏来比HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/youren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>友人放情江海作逍遥游。下句以HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山林麋鹿喻HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/youren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>友人的疏野之性。两句既是赞HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/youren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>友人,也是自喻。但是郑思肖系心家国,就在元兵已南下,南宋王朝濒临绝境之际,还以极大的义愤,叩阍上书太后、幼主(恭宗),激昂慷慨。所以他与HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/youren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>友人此时的离世高蹈,决不是性喜HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山林,而是表现了决不向新朝俯首的气节。
尾联勒回,关合“HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/songbie/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>送别”,在HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/youren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>友人的归帆渐远渐隐之际,回眸凝望,只有烟雾萦绕的林木,昏黑幽暗,深不可测。“冥冥烟树深”,是HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiejing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>写景,也暗示作者在易代之际HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xinqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>心情的沉重和迷乱。这是诗中HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiejing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>写景之句,富于象征性。它深化了诗的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yijing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>意境,余音不尽,具唱叹之致。