鹧鸪天·送元济之归豫章鉴赏

原文

敧枕婆娑两鬓霜。起听檐溜碎喧江。那边云筋销啼粉,这里车轮转别肠。

诗酒社,水云乡。可堪醉墨几淋浪。画图恰似归家梦,千里河山寸许长。

赏析

  这是一首HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/songbie/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>送别词,主要是描叙元济之的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/lichou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>离愁别绪的。词中没有写作者同元济之间的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/lichou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>离愁别苦,这是本词和一般HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/songbie/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>送别词的不同之处,也是它的主要特点。情调HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/youyuan2/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>幽怨,相当动人。

  起句写元济之的衰老。元济之倚枕而卧,显得有些衰老。接以“两鬓霜”三宇,则其白发苍苍、老态龙钟之状可知。“起听”句写其HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shenghuo/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>生活无聊。谓其有时起来,走到廊下,谛听檐溜的喧嚣声,以消磨HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shiguang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>时光,排遣心中的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yumen/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>郁闷,可见其HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shenghuo/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>生活的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jimo/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>寂寞与孤苦。“那边”二句写其对HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jiaxiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>家乡的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/sinian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>思念。欲写元济之HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/sinian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>思念HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jiaxiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>家乡,先写HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jiaren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>家人HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/sinian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>思念元济之。这不仅使行文HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/woiwan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>委婉曲折,更加重了元济之的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/sixiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>思乡之情。啼粉,与啼妆同意,指薄拭眉下若啼之妆。而“玉筯消啼粉”,写其HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jiaren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>家人因HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiangsi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>相思而流泪,把啼粉都冲掉了。“这里”句,言元济之HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yuanyou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>远游在外,日日HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/sinian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>思念HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jiaren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>家人,别肠如车轮旋转,无休无尽,则其HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/sixiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>思乡之甚可知。元济之如此HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/sixiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>思乡,很HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ziran/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>自然地就逗出了HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/songbie/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>送别之意,从而点明了题旨。“诗酒”二句写元济之在外的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shenghuo/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>生活。言其游历于HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shanshui/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山水之间,并和HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/youren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>友人HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/juhui/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>聚会HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yinjiu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>饮酒,结社赋诗,徜徉于水云之乡,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shenghuo/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>生活似乎极为潇洒飘逸,其实内心是很HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/qiku/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>凄苦的,故接下去说“可堪醉墨几淋浪”。可堪,为不堪、哪堪之意。“醉墨淋浪”,化用欧阳修“新诗醉墨时一挥。别后寄我无辞远”,言其挥笔HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xioshi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>写诗作画,醉墨淋漓,其间着一“几”字,隐含机会不多之意。HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jiewei/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>结尾二句承“醉墨”而发,借画发挥;言其“HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/guijia/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>归家梦”和其所作HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/tuhua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>图画一样,在画图中能把千里河HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山收入“寸许长”的画幅之中,而“HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/guijia/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>归家梦”也能转瞬之间实现,从而表达出立即送其“归豫章”之意。在此,以画作比,语新意丰,蕴藉含蓄,耐人寻味。

返回