霭芳阴未解,乍天气、过元宵。讶客神犹寒,吟窗易晓,春色无柳。梅梢。尚留顾藉,滞东风、未肯雪轻飘。知道诗翁欲去,递香要送兰桡。清标。会上丛霄。千里阻、九华遥。料今朝别后,他时有梦,应梦今朝。河桥。柳愁未醒,赠行人、又恐越魂销。留取归来紧马,翠长千缕柔条。
这是一首HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/songbie/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>送别词,作于作者的诗友欲赴九华走HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ma/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>马上任之际。九华:HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/diming/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>地名,在今安徽省。
词的上阕从HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/songbie/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>送别时的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/tianqi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>天气、时节写起,借HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/zaochun/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>早春的残梅加以发挥,谓梅HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花不肯轻落,是有意要等待这位HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/pinge/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>品格清逸的诗翁,为他送行。下阕借HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/zaochun/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>早春的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yangliu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>杨柳抒发自己对HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/youren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>友人的挽留HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xibie/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>惜别之情。河桥的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yangliu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>杨柳尚未绽芽吐绿,所以不能留人,若以HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/zengbie/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>赠别,徒留伤心,只能等到对方归来之时,长条千缕,方能留得住他。
“霭芳阴未解,乍HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/tianqi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>天气,过元宵。讶客袖犹寒,吟窗易晓,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chunse/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>春色无聊。”HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/kaitou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>开头几句写词人与诗友吟诗至晓,时值HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/songbie/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>送别,既HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shanggan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>伤感又无绪。词人开篇渲染HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/songbie/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>送别时的清冷无绪,为下文梅的出现作好了铺垫。
“梅梢,尚留顾藉,滞东HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风,未肯HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雪轻飘。知道诗翁欲去,递香要送兰桡。”这几句由“HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chunse/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>春色无聊”骤然而写到“未肯HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雪轻飘”的早梅,给人以眼前一亮的感觉,并以梅的等待和相送,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/zanmoi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>赞美了HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/youren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>友人HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/pinge/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>品格文采之高迈。
“清标,会上丛霄。千里阻,九华遥。料今朝别后,他时有梦,应梦今朝。”这几句先承HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/zansong/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>赞颂之意,然后又抒发对HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/youren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>友人的依依HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xibie/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>惜别之情。这几句直接HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shuhuai/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>抒怀,表达对HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/pengyou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>朋友的敬重和对HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/fenbie/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>分别的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shanggan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>伤感,对别后的设想则更细腻地抒发了自己对HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/youyi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>友谊的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/zhenxi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>珍惜。
“河桥,柳愁未醒,赠行人,又恐越魂销。留取归来系HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ma/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>马,翠长千缕柔条。”这几句借柳HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shuhuai/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>抒怀,表达对HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/youren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>友人的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xibie/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>惜别挽留之意。这几句表意细腻而HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/woiwan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>委婉,充分利用“柳”和“留”的谐音,把一腔HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/liqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>离情抒发得淋漓尽致而又耐人寻味。
在中国古典诗歌的传统中,梅HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花是HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/pinge/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>品格的象征,柳枝是HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ganqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感情的象征。词人以梅HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花颂人,写残梅有心;以柳条送客,写早柳未发,故无法留住远行之人。既切合刚过元宵的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/zaochun/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>早春时节,为HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/songbie/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>送别实见之景,又巧妙地托物为喻,传达出自己的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/sixiang2/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>思想HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ganqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感情。HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/zongti/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>总体来说,词人将一个HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/songbie/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>送别的传统题材寄托于对梅柳的刻画中,可以说是别具一格,清雅脱俗。