江上阻风鉴赏

原文

睡起无聊倚舵楼,瞿塘西望路悠悠。

长江巨浪征人泪,一夜西风共白头。

赏析

  清康熙十一年(1672),宋琬“投牒自讼,冤始尽白”,冤情得以昭HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雪,年近HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花甲的宋琬再次被清廷起用,授与四川按察使。本诗即写于赴任途中。

  前两句直抒胸臆,“无聊”直接点明此时的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xinqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>心情,“倚舵楼”是他此时HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jingshen/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>精神无所寄托的真实写照。舟行瞿塘峡,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风大浪猛,水流湍急,诗人被阻停留于此,百无聊赖的以昏睡来消磨HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shiguang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>时光,睡醒之后更加无聊,于是倚靠在舵楼上眺望:瞿塘峡HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山势险要,壁立如削;波涛汹涌,奔腾呼啸,令人惊心动魄;遥遥西望,漫漫长路,不知何处是尽头!诗人一语双关表面写瞿塘峡的险要景观,实际是指自己的仕宦之路的险恶漫长:自己无故被人诬告下狱,而今再次踏上HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shitu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>仕途,诗人不禁一阵惊惧惶恐。

  这两句运用了HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/biyu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>比喻、夸张、HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/niren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>拟人的修辞手法。第三句以巨浪HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/biyu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>比喻HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/zhenHRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/gre/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>征人泪,同时妙用夸张;第四句以浪HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/biyu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>比喻白发,把HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/changjiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>长江HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/niren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>拟人化,手法新奇!

  诗人远HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/lijia/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>离家乡,想到家中的妻儿,不禁潸然泪下,泪水滴落江中,化作滚滚的滔天巨浪咆哮着、怒吼着似乎发泄着心中的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yuanfen/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>怨愤。一夜西HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风,流更急,浪更大,仿佛HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/changjiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>长江也被HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风浪所阻。江水翻腾,浪HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雪白;诗人伫立HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风中,白发飘飘,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chujingshangqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>触景HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shangqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>伤情,心有戚戚:故园之思,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jilu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>羁旅之愁,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shitu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>仕途之苦......,种种复杂的情感“才下眉头,又上心头”。“以我观物,物皆着我之色。”诗人的身心与HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/changjiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>长江融为一体,我即江水,江水即我,诗人的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/chouku/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>愁苦也融入了江中,朵朵浪HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花不正是满江的白发吗!

  本诗用语奇丽,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/biyu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>比喻清新,HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/woiwan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>委婉含蓄;HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yuqingyujing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yuqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>寓情于景,情景交融,路悠悠、HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/zhenHRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/gre/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>征人泪、巨浪、西HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风、白头这些意象渲染了HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/qiqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>凄清HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/beiliang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>悲凉的气氛,抒发了诗人对HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jiaxiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>家乡的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/sinian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>思念和对官场HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shenghuo/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>生活的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yanjuan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>厌倦之情,同时也流露出诗人在高压统治之下惊惧惶恐、HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/fenmen/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>愤懑HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/beiliang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>悲凉的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/sixiang2/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>思想HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ganqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感情。

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