骢马

骢马朗读

唐代：万楚

拼繁原

金络青骢白玉鞍，长鞭紫陌野游盘。

朝驱东道尘恒灭，暮到河源日未阑。

汗血每随边地苦，蹄伤不惮陇阴寒。

君能一饮长城窟，为报天山行路难。

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马

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　　首联写骢HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ma/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>马的毛色、装饰与气派。“金络”，指用金装饰的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ma/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>马笼头，形容它的富贵与华丽。“青骢”，指HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ma/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>马的毛色和品种，是产于西域的名HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ma/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>马，有青白相间的色泽。“白玉鞍”，指洁白似玉的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ma/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>马鞍。开篇在读者眼前展现的就是一匹形貌引人注目、气度不凡的良HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ma/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>马：有着一身青白相间斑驳有致的色毛，装饰着金光闪闪的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ma/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>马络头，配以洁白玉石似的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ma/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>马鞍，主人骑着它，扬着长长的鞭子，在京郊的康庄大道上来回蹓跶，奔跑，气派十足。“金”、“青”、“白”，色彩的调配既富丽堂皇，又柔和舒适。用词造意，铺张夸饰，以突出骢HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ma/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>马华饰的高贵和扬厉矫健的雄姿，使HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ma/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>马的形象更为鲜明生动。

　　颔联写HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ma/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>马的敏捷、矫健和雄HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风。早晨骏HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ma/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>马奔驰在HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/changan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>长安的大道上，扬起的尘土很快消散；HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/bangwan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>傍晚到达HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/huanghe/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>黄河的发源地，太阳尚未下HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山。“朝”、“暮”，早晚仅为一天，说明HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shijian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>时间的短促，“东道”、“河源”，两地相距数千里，用以夸张空间的阔远。“尘恒灭”、“日未阑”，表现骢HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ma/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>马飞奔的神速、锐意进取的雄HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风。

　　颈联刻划骢HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ma/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>马的功业、HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/pinge/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>品格和德性。“汗血”，即“汗血HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ma/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>马”，一种产在西域大宛国的千里HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ma/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>马。据说此HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ma/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>马在长途跋涉之中，至日中其汗从前肩髆小孔中流出，颜色如血。“每随”、“不惮”四字，表现了骢HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ma/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>马HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jianku/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>艰苦卓绝、征战沙场、出生入死、为国捐躯的昂扬的战斗HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jingshen/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>精神和百折不挠的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jianqiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>坚强意志。颔、颈两联属对工致，气势开宕、HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/haomai/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>豪迈，读后令人HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jingshen/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>精神振奋。

　　尾联写对骢HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ma/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>马的信任、HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/mianli/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>勉励和HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiwang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>希望。“君能一饮HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/changcheng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>长城窟，为尽天HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xinglu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>行路难。”表达了主人对骢HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ma/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>马的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/qiwang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>期望，正如杜甫“所向无空阔，真堪托死生。骁腾有如此，万里可横行”（《房兵曹胡HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ma/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>马》）之意。“能”、“尽”二字，充分表达了主人对HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ma/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>马的信任，认为其定能为人驰骋，为国尽职，肩负起横行HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/guansai/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>关塞、守边保疆的重任。反之，也表明了骢HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ma/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>马的决心、HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/zhuangzhi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>壮志和宏愿。“HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/changcheng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>长城窟”，为古HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yuefu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>乐府《饮HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ma/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>马HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/changcheng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>长城窟行》的简写，原属《相和歌·瑟调曲》。相传HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/changcheng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>长城有泉窟，可以饮HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ma/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>马。古辞原意为“征戍之客，至于HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/changcheng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>长城而饮其HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ma/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>马，妇人HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/sinian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>思念其勤劳，故作是曲也。”“HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xinglu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>行路难”，原属《HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yuefu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>乐府·杂曲HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/geci/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>歌辞》，即“备言世路HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jiannan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>艰难及HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/libie/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>离别HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/beishang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>悲伤之意”（《HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yuefu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>乐府解题》）。结句引用HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yuefu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>乐府古题，意思是只要能有HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jiangongliye/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>建功立业、为国献身的机会，哪怕是奔赴HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/changcheng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>长城内外和历尽HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jiannan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>艰难险阻的天HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山也在所不辞，表现了骢HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ma/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>马的不甘HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jimo/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>寂寞、一展宏图的雄心HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/zhuangzhi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>壮志，同时也表现了诗人昂扬奋发的进取HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jingshen/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>精神和立功边陲的宏伟HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/baofu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>抱负。这首诗从HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ma/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>马的华饰，写到HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ma/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>马的才能、突出HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ma/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>马的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/pinzhi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>品质和德性，盛赞它为国HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jiangongliye/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>建功立业而不怕HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jianku/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>艰苦、不惜伤残的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/jingshen/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>精神。一联写外在美，二三四联写内在美，主次分明，重点突出。明是赞HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ma/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>马，实为HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/yuren2/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>喻人，表现诗人自己的HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/xiongjin/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>胸襟和HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/baofu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>抱负。诗歌格调高亢，HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/haofang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>豪放HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/kuangda/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>旷达，体现了盛唐奋发昂扬、热情奔放的诗HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风。沈德潜称这首诗“几可追步老杜咏HRef=https://www.qijian.info/list/ma/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>马诗。”